{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025431400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1328438.1328443","title":"Engineering formal metatheory","display_name":"Engineering formal metatheory","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025431400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1328438.1328443","mag":"2025431400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1328438.1328443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1328438.1328443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/a018724f-017d-4649-9fd8-9a71319ec0b2/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013027606","display_name":"Brian Aydemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-5408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Aydemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025324126","display_name":"Arthur Chargu\u00e9raud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-4507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Chargu\u00e9raud","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA, Rocquencourt, France","Inria Rocquencourt, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA, Rocquencourt, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Rocquencourt, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085361253","display_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-1636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113515517","display_name":"Randy Pollack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randy Pollack","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049220962","display_name":"Stephanie Weirich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Weirich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.1587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":219,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99780854,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8823230862617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metatheory","display_name":"Metatheory","score":0.8373377323150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6648179292678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6033145785331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5792207717895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.539945662021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.5291588306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4618605077266693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.43687307834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4107385277748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.32843708992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2329857051372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10258239507675171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8823230862617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39387531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096708","display_name":"Metatheory","level":2,"score":0.8373377323150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6648179292678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6033145785331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5792207717895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.539945662021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5291588306427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4618605077266693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43687307834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4107385277748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.32843708992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2329857051372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10258239507675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1328438.1328443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1328438.1328443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/6412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/6412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Presentation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cis_papers-1394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/369","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/a018724f-017d-4649-9fd8-9a71319ec0b2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (CIS)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.103.5948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.103.5948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/papers/binders.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.188.636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.188.636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.upenn.edu/%7Ebaydemir/papers/engineering-formal-metatheory.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.2567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.2567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.696.9932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.696.9932","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1394%26context%3Dcis_papers","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.77.2079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.77.2079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~sweirich/papers/popl08-binders-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.89.1949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.89.1949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall07/cos595/aydemir-engineering.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.97.5548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.97.5548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~sweirich/papers/popl08-binders.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cis_papers-1394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/369","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/a018724f-017d-4649-9fd8-9a71319ec0b2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (CIS)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025431400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025431400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18425853","https://openalex.org/W1482532876","https://openalex.org/W1496085154","https://openalex.org/W1496188934","https://openalex.org/W1511937404","https://openalex.org/W1527418902","https://openalex.org/W1554278997","https://openalex.org/W1570297344","https://openalex.org/W1573802872","https://openalex.org/W1583630764","https://openalex.org/W1588934256","https://openalex.org/W1600588339","https://openalex.org/W1606543423","https://openalex.org/W1727609483","https://openalex.org/W1974190112","https://openalex.org/W1975082667","https://openalex.org/W1987755707","https://openalex.org/W1994736245","https://openalex.org/W2007471348","https://openalex.org/W2009464583","https://openalex.org/W2014107895","https://openalex.org/W2037026294","https://openalex.org/W2052735108","https://openalex.org/W2069954929","https://openalex.org/W2071866471","https://openalex.org/W2074930828","https://openalex.org/W2078516859","https://openalex.org/W2095631859","https://openalex.org/W2098856123","https://openalex.org/W2102259218","https://openalex.org/W2113705064","https://openalex.org/W2128180740","https://openalex.org/W2129695855","https://openalex.org/W2180471721","https://openalex.org/W2313175711","https://openalex.org/W2406444852","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2568721247","https://openalex.org/W2741418326","https://openalex.org/W2913281688","https://openalex.org/W3143737500","https://openalex.org/W3163573021","https://openalex.org/W4213279211","https://openalex.org/W4237428230","https://openalex.org/W4249893186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1756852158","https://openalex.org/W2750284450","https://openalex.org/W3122371259","https://openalex.org/W2020092927","https://openalex.org/W4247547597","https://openalex.org/W2566728714","https://openalex.org/W2322423074","https://openalex.org/W1995210049","https://openalex.org/W1562622185","https://openalex.org/W2142558882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine-checked":[0],"proofs":[1,32],"of":[2,4,43,56,66],"properties":[3],"programming":[5],"languages":[6],"have":[7],"become":[8],"acritical":[9],"need,":[10],"both":[11],"for":[12,23],"increased":[13],"confidence":[14],"in":[15,40,53],"large":[16,59],"and":[17,45,64],"complex":[18],"designsand":[19],"as":[20,26],"a":[21,34,49,72],"foundation":[22],"technologies":[24],"such":[25],"proof-carrying":[27],"code.":[28],"However,":[29],"constructing":[30],"these":[31],"remains":[33],"black":[35],"art,":[36],"involving":[37],"many":[38],"choices":[39],"the":[41,54],"formulation":[42],"definitions":[44],"theorems":[46],"that":[47],"make":[48],"huge":[50],"cumulative":[51],"difference":[52],"difficulty":[55],"carrying":[57],"out":[58],"formal":[60],"developments.":[61],"There":[62],"presentation":[63],"manipulation":[65],"terms":[67],"with":[68],"variable":[69],"binding":[70],"is":[71],"key":[73],"issue.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}