{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2617920474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1326554.1326558","title":"A formal foundation for XrML","display_name":"A formal foundation for XrML","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2617920474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1326554.1326558","mag":"2617920474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1326554.1326558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1326554.1326558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087025582","display_name":"Joseph Y. Halpern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-1663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Y. Halpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014536672","display_name":"Vicky Weissman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicky Weissman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087025582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.3805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9904359,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.756179690361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undecidable-problem","display_name":"Undecidable problem","score":0.7330659627914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.7079406976699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragment","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","score":0.6916460394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.6790828704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6411097049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5973172783851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5425378680229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47239017486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","score":0.437434583902359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41909411549568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.3191889524459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07953524589538574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756179690361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192034797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502995","display_name":"Undecidable problem","level":3,"score":0.7330659627914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.7079406976699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18392052","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6916460394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.6790828704833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6411097049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5973172783851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5425378680229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47239017486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.437434583902359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41909411549568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.3191889524459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07953524589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1326554.1326558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1326554.1326558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453958816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-00-1-03-41N00014-01-10-511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4721627561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F49620-02-1-0101FA9550-05-1-0055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7300117883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CTC-0208535ITR-0325453IIS-0534064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7914302989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CTC-0208535ITR-0325453IIS-0534064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8184796199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-01-1-0795","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528900342","https://openalex.org/W1749560176","https://openalex.org/W1856491113","https://openalex.org/W1926087728","https://openalex.org/W2018804864","https://openalex.org/W2020992910","https://openalex.org/W2097723210","https://openalex.org/W2105470748","https://openalex.org/W2116976042","https://openalex.org/W2123479684","https://openalex.org/W2124260419","https://openalex.org/W2144794336","https://openalex.org/W2176962207","https://openalex.org/W3159832133","https://openalex.org/W4241343002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972379433","https://openalex.org/W1501430220","https://openalex.org/W2989332944","https://openalex.org/W2021891065","https://openalex.org/W2583549044","https://openalex.org/W2119045600","https://openalex.org/W2584984136","https://openalex.org/W2962928105","https://openalex.org/W2170336571","https://openalex.org/W2020140696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"XrML":[0,15,85,109,130],"is":[1,16,79,93,97],"becoming":[2],"a":[3,25,29,36,77,82,112],"popular":[4],"language":[5,40],"in":[6],"industry":[7],"for":[8,14,100],"writing":[9],"software":[10],"licenses.":[11,32,86],"The":[12],"semantics":[13,64],"implicitly":[17],"given":[18],"by":[19,81,117],"an":[20,101,133],"algorithm":[21],"that":[22,62,89],"determines":[23],"if":[24,76],"permission":[26,78],"follows":[27],"from":[28],"set":[30,83],"of":[31,38,49,74,84,104,115],"We":[33,52,87,107],"focus":[34],"on":[35,137],"fragment":[37,103],"the":[39,50,55,66,72,90,105,121,126],"and":[41,60,131],"use":[42],"it":[43,96],"to":[44,110,120],"highlight":[45],"some":[46],"problematic":[47],"aspects":[48],"algorithm.":[51,68],"then":[53],"correct":[54],"problems,":[56],"introduce":[57],"formal":[58],"semantics,":[59],"show":[61],"our":[63],"captures":[65],"(corrected)":[67],"Next,":[69],"we":[70,124],"consider":[71],"complexity":[73],"determining":[75],"implied":[80],"prove":[88],"general":[91],"problem":[92],"undecidable,":[94],"but":[95],"polynomial-time":[98],"computable":[99],"expressive":[102],"language.":[106,122],"extend":[108],"capture":[111],"wider":[113],"range":[114],"licenses":[116],"adding":[118],"negation":[119],"Finally,":[123],"discuss":[125],"key":[127],"differences":[128],"between":[129],"MPEG-21,":[132],"international":[134],"standard":[135],"based":[136],"XrML.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}