{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076238443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1323548.1323571","title":"Compiling PCRE to FPGA for accelerating SNORT IDS","display_name":"Compiling PCRE to FPGA for accelerating SNORT IDS","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076238443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1323548.1323571","mag":"2076238443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1323548.1323571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1323548.1323571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013257739","display_name":"Abhishek Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033921328","display_name":"Walid Najjar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6761-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Najjar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048949780","display_name":"Laxmi N. Bhuyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laxmi Bhuyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013257739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98813511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"127","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-expression","display_name":"Regular expression","score":0.8217729926109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7567393779754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.7469780445098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5897207260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5682817697525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.48886317014694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4866788983345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.4651170074939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4547831118106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4502798318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4454353153705597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opcode","display_name":"Opcode","score":0.443037211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28202158212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1262873411178589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121329065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185612","display_name":"Regular expression","level":2,"score":0.8217729926109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7567393779754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.7469780445098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5897207260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5682817697525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.48886317014694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4866788983345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.4651170074939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4547831118106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4502798318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4454353153705597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.443037211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28202158212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1262873411178589}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1323548.1323571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1323548.1323571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.149.6644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.149.6644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.wustl.edu/ANCS/2007/papers/p127.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.533.4828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.533.4828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~amitra/pubs/c1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.628.3900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.628.3900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~najjar/papers/2007/ancs2007.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503562643","https://openalex.org/W1555974269","https://openalex.org/W1707172707","https://openalex.org/W1976716770","https://openalex.org/W2030102079","https://openalex.org/W2079329309","https://openalex.org/W2096474000","https://openalex.org/W2106062486","https://openalex.org/W2119372979","https://openalex.org/W2124414559","https://openalex.org/W2127061938","https://openalex.org/W2135932040","https://openalex.org/W2139729124","https://openalex.org/W2145767761","https://openalex.org/W2149375166","https://openalex.org/W2149695592","https://openalex.org/W2162080541","https://openalex.org/W3144157896","https://openalex.org/W4242309756","https://openalex.org/W4247093768","https://openalex.org/W6678276801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114177167","https://openalex.org/W1774017438","https://openalex.org/W2123199373","https://openalex.org/W4246925412","https://openalex.org/W2083577879","https://openalex.org/W4205780093","https://openalex.org/W2100501061","https://openalex.org/W2109464334","https://openalex.org/W2031647786","https://openalex.org/W2052853109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Payload":[1],"Inspection":[2],"systems":[3],"like":[4],"SNORT":[5,22,64,110],"and":[6,19,95],"BRO":[7],"utilize":[8],"regular":[9,30,54,74,90,123],"expression":[10,31,55,75,91],"for":[11,29,100],"their":[12,16],"rules":[13,102],"due":[14],"to":[15,97],"high":[17],"expressibility":[18],"compactness.":[20],"The":[21,36],"IDS":[23,111],"system":[24,112],"uses":[25],"the":[26,34,53,63,78,85,104,106,109],"PCRE":[27,39,69,81],"Engine":[28,40],"matching":[32],"on":[33,46],"payload.":[35],"software":[37,79],"based":[38,45,80],"utilizes":[41],"an":[42,72],"NFA":[43],"engine":[44,82],"certain":[47],"opcodes":[48],"which":[49],"are":[50],"determined":[51],"by":[52,68],"operators":[56],"in":[57,62,103],"a":[58,88,93,120],"rule.":[59],"Each":[60],"rule":[61],"ruleset":[65],"is":[66,117],"translated":[67],"compiler":[70],"into":[71],"unique":[73],"engine.":[76],"Since":[77],"can":[83],"match":[84],"payload":[86],"with":[87],"single":[89],"at":[92],"time,":[94],"needs":[96],"do":[98],"so":[99],"multiple":[101],"ruleset,":[105],"throughput":[107],"of":[108,122],"dwindles":[113],"as":[114],"each":[115],"packet":[116],"processed":[118],"through":[119],"multitude":[121],"expressions.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}