{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102175280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1314466.1314475","title":"Improving multi-tier security using redundant authentication","display_name":"Improving multi-tier security using redundant authentication","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102175280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1314466.1314475","mag":"2102175280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1314466.1314475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1314466.1314475","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Computer security architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048010220","display_name":"J.P. Boyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jodie P. Boyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076460405","display_name":"Ragib Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-8341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragib Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032988090","display_name":"Lars E. Olson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars E. Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024942018","display_name":"Nikita Borisov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Borisov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031954035","display_name":"Carl A. Gunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6943-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl A. Gunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083634194","display_name":"David Raila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Raila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois, Urbana, IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048010220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85943834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"54","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7819066643714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperation","display_name":"Interoperation","score":0.7441769242286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.668047308921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6462984681129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6366264820098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privilege","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","score":0.49859070777893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-system-security-architecture","display_name":"Distributed System Security Architecture","score":0.4268455505371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.26076799631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-access-control","display_name":"Network Access Control","score":0.16359859704971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.151073157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1235700249671936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7819066643714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139458680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184942","display_name":"Interoperation","level":3,"score":0.7441769242286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.668047308921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6462984681129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6366264820098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49859070777893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77290126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283128","display_name":"Distributed System Security Architecture","level":5,"score":0.4268455505371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.26076799631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14982408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006334","display_name":"Network Access Control","level":4,"score":0.16359859704971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.151073157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1235700249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1314466.1314475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1314466.1314475","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Computer security architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.125.8297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.125.8297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://seclab.uiuc.edu/pubs/BoyerHOBGR07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.7156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.7156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hatswitch.org/~nikita/papers/redundant-auth.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306142","display_name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00dxczh48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6385438","https://openalex.org/W24839522","https://openalex.org/W1516211918","https://openalex.org/W1517334976","https://openalex.org/W1606518565","https://openalex.org/W1809664600","https://openalex.org/W2066137796","https://openalex.org/W2101465039","https://openalex.org/W2132185316","https://openalex.org/W2167800525","https://openalex.org/W2402789968","https://openalex.org/W4238764625","https://openalex.org/W4299301436","https://openalex.org/W6600256889","https://openalex.org/W6630877225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146911282","https://openalex.org/W2384389666","https://openalex.org/W4389060420","https://openalex.org/W1528888766","https://openalex.org/W1983817081","https://openalex.org/W1995297989","https://openalex.org/W1824215999","https://openalex.org/W1501453589","https://openalex.org/W1518807692","https://openalex.org/W1502833256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-tier":[0],"web":[1],"server":[2],"systems":[3,20],"are":[4,54],"used":[5],"in":[6,33,50,116],"many":[7],"important":[8],"contexts":[9],"and":[10],"their":[11],"security":[12,83],"is":[13],"a":[14,101],"major":[15],"cause":[16],"of":[17,36,47,59,62,68,113],"concern.":[18],"Such":[19],"can":[21],"exploit":[22],"strategies":[23],"like":[24],"least":[25,90],"privilege":[26,91],"to":[27,56,81,100,122],"make":[28,66],"lower":[29,69,79],"tiers":[30,53,80],"more":[31],"secure":[32],"the":[34,60,111],"presence":[35],"compromised":[37],"higher":[38,52],"tiers.":[39,70],"In":[40],"this":[41,48,95],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,74,109],"investigate":[44],"an":[45,119],"extension":[46],"technique":[49,96],"which":[51,73],"required":[55],"provide":[57,82],"evidence":[58],"authentication":[61,115,120,128],"principals":[63],"when":[64],"they":[65],"requests":[67],"This":[71],"concept,":[72],"call":[75],"redundant":[76,114],"authentication,":[77],"enables":[78],"guarantees":[84],"that":[85],"improve":[86],"significantly":[87],"over":[88],"current":[89],"strategies.":[92],"We":[93],"validate":[94],"by":[97],"applying":[98],"it":[99],"practical":[102],"Building":[103],"Automation":[104],"System":[105],"(BAS)":[106],"application,":[107],"where":[108],"explore":[110],"use":[112],"conjunction":[117],"with":[118,125],"proxy":[121],"enable":[123],"interoperation":[124],"existing":[126],"enterprise":[127],"services.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}