{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144551802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1297027.1297057","title":"Tracking bad apples","display_name":"Tracking bad apples","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144551802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1297027.1297057","mag":"2144551802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1297027.1297057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1297027.1297057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044161672","display_name":"Michael D. Bond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009493544","display_name":"Nicholas Nethercote","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Nethercote","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ICT Australia, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ICT Australia, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049370342","display_name":"Stephen W. Kent","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen W. Kent","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004167701","display_name":"Samuel Z. Guyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Z. Guyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University, Boston, MA","Tufts University Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087054368","display_name":"Kathryn S. McKinley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn S. McKinley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044161672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97565145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"405","last_page":"422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.8182183504104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash","display_name":"Crash","score":0.7858721017837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.7762489914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6934465765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6232743263244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5932397246360779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.5871543288230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.45572537183761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.41834762692451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.38351547718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.28143590688705444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.8182183504104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.7858721017837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.7762489914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6934465765953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6232743263244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5932397246360779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5871543288230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.45572537183761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.41834762692451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.38351547718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.28143590688705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1297027.1297057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1297027.1297057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4015096","https://openalex.org/W145355838","https://openalex.org/W1525451871","https://openalex.org/W1603941001","https://openalex.org/W1874950958","https://openalex.org/W1984248430","https://openalex.org/W1986453394","https://openalex.org/W1988927353","https://openalex.org/W1993836075","https://openalex.org/W2007920703","https://openalex.org/W2028573465","https://openalex.org/W2102839400","https://openalex.org/W2102970979","https://openalex.org/W2106972913","https://openalex.org/W2108827856","https://openalex.org/W2110137598","https://openalex.org/W2116409384","https://openalex.org/W2136305343","https://openalex.org/W2136938453","https://openalex.org/W2145377152","https://openalex.org/W2153229512","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2166091242","https://openalex.org/W4233319527","https://openalex.org/W4241972075","https://openalex.org/W4246430693","https://openalex.org/W4247981256","https://openalex.org/W4250981365","https://openalex.org/W4251521742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137189469","https://openalex.org/W2016345697","https://openalex.org/W2185017216","https://openalex.org/W3160136729","https://openalex.org/W2528467228","https://openalex.org/W2477564355","https://openalex.org/W4246531319","https://openalex.org/W2021596359","https://openalex.org/W1964999277","https://openalex.org/W1482645738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programs":[0],"sometimes":[1],"crash":[2,37],"due":[3],"to":[4,26,54],"unusable":[5,43],"values,":[6],"for":[7],"example,":[8],"when":[9,18],"Java":[10],"and":[11,17,20,48],"C#":[12],"programs":[13,22],"dereference":[14],"null":[15],"pointers":[16],"C":[19],"C++":[21],"use":[23],"undefined":[24],"values":[25],"affect":[27],"program":[28],"behavior.":[29],"A":[30],"stack":[31],"trace":[32],"produced":[33],"on":[34],"such":[35],"a":[36],"identifies":[38],"the":[39,42,55],"effect":[40],"of":[41],"value,":[44],"not":[45,51],"its":[46],"cause,":[47],"is":[49],"often":[50],"much":[52],"help":[53],"programmer.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}