{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239842858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1284621.1284643","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239842858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1284621.1284643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1284621.1284643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1284621.1284643","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1284621.1284643&file=p30-munakata.jp.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1284621.1284643&file=p30-munakata.jp.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082694619","display_name":"Toshinori Munakata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-306X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102607778","display_name":"Cleveland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002tx1f22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toshinori Munakata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082694619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7197999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89989815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"9","first_page":"30","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.40119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.40119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.3433000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.31869998574256897,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7251666784286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.6805638074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5774613618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-section","display_name":"Special section","score":0.54571932554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.44387418031692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section","display_name":"Section (typography)","score":0.4390813708305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16666439175605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13638323545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.13630741834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.11567652225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09347778558731079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7251666784286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6805638074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5774613618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993458768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3477549","display_name":"Special section","level":2,"score":0.54571932554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.44387418031692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4390813708305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16666439175605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13638323545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.13630741834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11567652225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09347778558731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1284621.1284643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1284621.1284643","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1284621.1284643&file=p30-munakata.jp.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1284621.1284643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1284621.1284643","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1284621.1284643&file=p30-munakata.jp.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239842858.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239842858.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013473431","https://openalex.org/W2778821143","https://openalex.org/W4283319909","https://openalex.org/W2489895148","https://openalex.org/W1981344130","https://openalex.org/W3201186294","https://openalex.org/W2101894084","https://openalex.org/W2530854909","https://openalex.org/W2079037666","https://openalex.org/W2372022541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"meaning":[1,65],"and":[2,71],"implementation":[3],"of":[4,73,82],"the":[5,45,51,57,80,86],"term":[6,87],"\"computing\"":[7,88],"has":[8],"changed":[9],"greatly":[10],"since":[11],"ACM":[12],"was":[13],"first":[14],"organized":[15],"60":[16],"years":[17],"ago.":[18],"This":[19],"special":[20],"section":[21],"presents":[22],"overview":[23],"articles":[24],"collectively":[25],"called":[26],"\"non-silicon-based":[27],"new":[28],"computing":[29,59],"paradigms.\"":[30],"Although":[31],"these":[32],"paradigms":[33],"often":[34,78],"differ":[35],"from":[36],"one":[37],"another":[38],"significantly,":[39],"there":[40],"are":[41,47,67],"three":[42],"common":[43],"characteristics:":[44],"techniques":[46],"not":[48,68],"based":[49],"on":[50,79],"traditional":[52],"silicon-based":[53],"integrated":[54],"circuit":[55],"technology;":[56],"basic":[58],"elements":[60],"have":[61],"been":[62],"physically":[63],"implemented,":[64],"they":[66],"just":[69],"theory;":[70],"many":[72],"them":[74],"aim":[75],"at":[76],"miniaturization,":[77],"order":[81],"1--100":[83],"nanometers.":[84],"Here,":[85],"is":[89],"employed":[90],"in":[91],"a":[92],"very":[93],"broad":[94],"sense.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
