{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052570934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282480.1282483","title":"Semantic integrity in a relational data base system","display_name":"Semantic integrity in a relational data base system","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052570934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282480.1282483","mag":"2052570934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282480.1282483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282480.1282483","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282480.1282483","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases - VLDB '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282480.1282483","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061188505","display_name":"Michael Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4560-9947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065250289","display_name":"Dennis McLeod","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis J. McLeod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99173047,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7796313762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.7158788442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.6782919764518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.6519569158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-model","display_name":"Relational model","score":0.5462002158164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5328339338302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-data-model","display_name":"Semantic data model","score":0.46310847997665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.380405992269516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3273950517177582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3265947699546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07606452703475952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7796313762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.7158788442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.6782919764518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.6519569158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40207289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755662","display_name":"Relational model","level":3,"score":0.5462002158164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5328339338302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.46310847997665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.380405992269516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3273950517177582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3265947699546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07606452703475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282480.1282483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282480.1282483","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282480.1282483","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases - VLDB '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282480.1282483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282480.1282483","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282480.1282483","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases - VLDB '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052570934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052570934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101606831","https://openalex.org/W1505165377","https://openalex.org/W1967435718","https://openalex.org/W1982340726","https://openalex.org/W1987297533","https://openalex.org/W2012056301","https://openalex.org/W2029241887","https://openalex.org/W2038765730","https://openalex.org/W2043571746","https://openalex.org/W2047499522","https://openalex.org/W2077086200","https://openalex.org/W2077207253","https://openalex.org/W2085623760","https://openalex.org/W2085772207","https://openalex.org/W2103920867","https://openalex.org/W2119285119","https://openalex.org/W2144364998","https://openalex.org/W2145343598","https://openalex.org/W2156076209","https://openalex.org/W2163887589","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2232207765","https://openalex.org/W3127292049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2267077731","https://openalex.org/W1510134535","https://openalex.org/W2386578196","https://openalex.org/W2483382562","https://openalex.org/W3091612633","https://openalex.org/W2085988990","https://openalex.org/W1528519853","https://openalex.org/W2376710457","https://openalex.org/W1897774768","https://openalex.org/W3006903421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,13,23,28,37,58],"model":[2],"of":[3,6,22,36,39,51],"some":[4],"aspect(s)":[5],"the":[7,10,20,32],"real":[8],"world,":[9],"data":[11,14,25,55,60,76],"in":[12],"base":[15,26,77],"must":[16],"be":[17],"accurate.":[18],"In":[19],"context":[21],"relational":[24,59],"system,":[27],"facility":[29],"to":[30,64],"allow":[31],"expression":[33],"and":[34,52],"enforcement":[35],"set":[38],"semantic":[40],"integrity":[41,46],"constraints":[42,47],"is":[43],"discussed.":[44],"Semantic":[45],"may":[48,70],"describe":[49],"properties":[50],"relationships":[53],"between":[54],"objects":[56],"(in":[57],"base)":[61],"that":[62],"are":[63],"hold":[65],"(state":[66,79],"snapshot":[67],"constraints).":[68,81],"Constraints":[69],"also":[71],"place":[72],"limitations":[73],"on":[74],"permissible":[75],"operations":[78],"transition":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}