{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131754091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282408","title":"Achieving convergence-free routing using failure-carrying packets","display_name":"Achieving convergence-free routing using failure-carrying packets","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131754091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282408","mag":"2131754091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282380.1282408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282380.1282408","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282380.1282408","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077113784","display_name":"Karthik Lakshminarayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Lakshminarayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038897777","display_name":"Matthew Caesar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Caesar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Murali Rangan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murali Rangan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103905514","display_name":"Tom Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA","University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040529929","display_name":"Scott Shenker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-7533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Shenker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041920173","display_name":"Ion Stoica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ion Stoica","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2307,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98777866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"241","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7526652216911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6211601495742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.6081314086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.583808958530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.578682541847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.5775265693664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5356765389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5167257189750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4919159412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4820290803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.47136011719703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-cost-multi-path-routing","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","score":0.432547390460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.39309170842170715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7526652216911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6211601495742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.6081314086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.583808958530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.578682541847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.5775265693664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5356765389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5167257189750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4919159412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4820290803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.47136011719703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115443555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367790","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","level":5,"score":0.432547390460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.39309170842170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282380.1282408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282380.1282408","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.233.2043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.233.2043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ccr.sigcomm.org/online/files/fp176-lakshminarayanan.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.366.4814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.366.4814","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~tom/support/fcp-sigcomm07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.67.5883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.67.5883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~istoica/papers/2007/fcp-sigcomm07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.94.1799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.94.1799","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2007/EECS-2007-28.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:berkeley.edu:13030-hb9b69p5z4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://techreports.lib.berkeley.edu/accessPages/EECS-2007-28.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"technical reports"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282380.1282408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1282380.1282408","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3406101584","display_name":"ITR/ANI:  Addressing Fundamental Issues for Robust Internet Performance","funder_award_id":"0205519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5707887489","display_name":"ITR:  Robust Large-Scale Distributed Systems","funder_award_id":"0225660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131754091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131754091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62072953","https://openalex.org/W138633168","https://openalex.org/W1517565415","https://openalex.org/W1564684005","https://openalex.org/W1590649707","https://openalex.org/W1603421663","https://openalex.org/W1652404654","https://openalex.org/W1760148955","https://openalex.org/W1879069508","https://openalex.org/W2015550779","https://openalex.org/W2023696105","https://openalex.org/W2026402358","https://openalex.org/W2083156485","https://openalex.org/W2095234341","https://openalex.org/W2101850828","https://openalex.org/W2114234222","https://openalex.org/W2121635209","https://openalex.org/W2135810626","https://openalex.org/W2136136850","https://openalex.org/W2138370688","https://openalex.org/W2138760535","https://openalex.org/W2140749668","https://openalex.org/W2147181132","https://openalex.org/W2158493627","https://openalex.org/W2158513802","https://openalex.org/W2171839243","https://openalex.org/W2177058407","https://openalex.org/W2248064281","https://openalex.org/W2269319470","https://openalex.org/W2298905809","https://openalex.org/W2573298426","https://openalex.org/W4230500858","https://openalex.org/W4247255165","https://openalex.org/W6602465000","https://openalex.org/W6605694004","https://openalex.org/W6631023339","https://openalex.org/W6635947096","https://openalex.org/W6636138231","https://openalex.org/W6637848635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555559350","https://openalex.org/W1971663816","https://openalex.org/W2113362813","https://openalex.org/W2108305519","https://openalex.org/W1242343826","https://openalex.org/W2001312276","https://openalex.org/W4241849776","https://openalex.org/W2351097701","https://openalex.org/W3035942111","https://openalex.org/W2989144085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"distributed":[1],"routing":[2,50,122,150],"paradigms":[3],"(such":[4,123],"as":[5,27,124,132,134],"link-state,":[6],"distance-vector,":[7],"and":[8,38,41,105],"path-vector)":[9],"involve":[10],"a":[11,48,75,88],"convergence":[12,31,60,67],"process":[13,32,68],"consisting":[14],"of":[15,19,113],"an":[16],"iterative":[17],"exploration":[18],"intermediate":[20],"routes":[21],"triggered":[22],"by":[23],"certain":[24],"events":[25],"such":[26],"link":[28],"failures.":[29,45],"The":[30],"increases":[33],"router":[34],"load,":[35],"introduces":[36],"outages":[37],"transient":[39],"loops,":[40],"slows":[42],"reaction":[43],"to":[44,57,64,85,140],"We":[46],"propose":[47,74],"new":[49],"paradigm":[51],"where":[52],"the":[53,59,66,111,159],"goal":[54],"is":[55,115],"not":[56],"reduce":[58],"times":[61],"but":[62],"rather":[63],"eliminate":[65],"completely.":[69],"To":[70],"this":[71],"end,":[72],"we":[73],"technique":[76],"called":[77],"Failure-Carrying":[78],"Packets":[79],"(FCP)":[80],"that":[81],"allows":[82],"data":[83],"packets":[84],"autonomously":[86],"discover":[87],"working":[89],"path":[90,145],"without":[91],"requiring":[92],"completely":[93],"up-to-date":[94],"state":[95,157],"in":[96,143],"routers.":[97,160],"Our":[98],"simulations,":[99],"performed":[100],"using":[101],"real-world":[102],"failure":[103],"traces":[104],"Rocketfuel":[106],"topologies,":[107],"show":[108],"that:":[109],"(a)":[110],"overhead":[112],"FCP":[114,126,147],"very":[116],"low,":[117],"(b)":[118],"unlike":[119],"traditional":[120],"link-state":[121],"OSPF),":[125],"can":[127],"provide":[128],"both":[129],"low":[130,135],"loss-rate":[131],"well":[133],"control":[136],"overhead,":[137],"(c)":[138],"compared":[139],"prior":[141],"work":[142],"backup":[144],"pre-computations,":[146],"provides":[148],"better":[149],"guarantees":[151],"under":[152],"failures":[153],"despite":[154],"maintaining":[155],"lesser":[156],"at":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}