{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986482242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","title":"Towards optimal bag-of-features for object categorization and semantic video retrieval","display_name":"Towards optimal bag-of-features for object categorization and semantic video retrieval","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986482242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","mag":"1986482242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282280.1282352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7531&context=sis_research","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047962986","display_name":"Yu\u2013Gang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-8567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Gang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010722442","display_name":"Chong\u2010Wah Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong-Wah Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101526257","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":637,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99943722,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"494","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.8489599823951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8235480189323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6807194352149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6412088871002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.5591031312942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.537312388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5282009243965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5209994912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.47278356552124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.42876917123794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chrominance","display_name":"Chrominance","score":0.4286056458950043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4194108247756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4175289273262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4072028696537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3746771812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08704158663749695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.8489599823951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8235480189323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6807194352149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6412088871002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5591031312942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.537312388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5282009243965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5209994912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47278356552124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.42876917123794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.4286056458950043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4194108247756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4175289273262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4072028696537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3746771812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08704158663749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1282280.1282352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7531&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7531&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1282280.1282352","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570469333","https://openalex.org/W1481738430","https://openalex.org/W1591244232","https://openalex.org/W1684899743","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W2103556603","https://openalex.org/W2109200236","https://openalex.org/W2116810533","https://openalex.org/W2120738995","https://openalex.org/W2126326837","https://openalex.org/W2127597232","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2149925168","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2166118928","https://openalex.org/W2167090521","https://openalex.org/W2171896402","https://openalex.org/W2172188317","https://openalex.org/W2182071823","https://openalex.org/W2548695521","https://openalex.org/W2603497684","https://openalex.org/W2916982491","https://openalex.org/W2917101542","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3196744753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1799575154","https://openalex.org/W2005759937","https://openalex.org/W2225603070","https://openalex.org/W2034025452","https://openalex.org/W2141614661","https://openalex.org/W3204377033","https://openalex.org/W2112392814","https://openalex.org/W4294686918","https://openalex.org/W1519205427","https://openalex.org/W2332068595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bag-of-features":[0],"(BoF)":[1],"deriving":[2],"from":[3],"local":[4],"keypoints":[5],"has":[6],"recently":[7],"appeared":[8],"promising":[9],"for":[10],"object":[11],"and":[12,25,61,80,124,156],"scene":[13],"classification.":[14],"Whether":[15],"BoF":[16,128,143,153],"can":[17,111],"naturally":[18],"survive":[19],"the":[20,47,54,73,83,94,107,135,142,152],"challenges":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"reliability":[24],"scalability":[26],"of":[27,49,56,96,161],"visual":[28,98],"classification,":[29],"nevertheless,":[30],"remains":[31],"uncertain":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,71,92,100,134,147],"various":[35,43],"implementation":[36],"choices.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41,86],"evaluate":[42],"factors":[44,52],"which":[45],"govern":[46],"performance":[48,74,115,132],"BoF.":[50],"The":[51],"include":[53],"choices":[55],"detector,":[57],"kernel,":[58],"vocabulary":[59],"size":[60],"weighting":[62,84,119],"scheme.":[63],"We":[64,103,138],"offer":[65,113],"some":[66],"practical":[67],"insights":[68],"in":[69],"how":[70],"optimize":[72],"by":[75],"choosing":[76],"good":[77],"keypoint":[78],"detector":[79],"kernel.":[81],"For":[82],"scheme,":[85],"propose":[87],"a":[88,97],"novel":[89],"soft-weighting":[90,109],"method":[91],"assess":[93],"significance":[95],"word":[99],"an":[101,159],"image.":[102],"experimentally":[104],"show":[105,140],"that":[106,141],"proposed":[108],"scheme":[110],"consistently":[112],"better":[114],"than":[116],"other":[117],"popular":[118],"methods.":[120],"On":[121],"both":[122],"PASCAL-2005":[123],"TRECVID-2006":[125,166],"datasets,":[126],"our":[127],"setting":[129],"generates":[130],"competitive":[131],"compared":[133],"state-of-the-art":[136],"techniques.":[137],"also":[139],"is":[144,163],"highly":[145],"complementary":[146],"global":[148],"features.":[149],"By":[150],"incorporating":[151],"with":[154],"color":[155],"texture":[157],"features,":[158],"improvement":[160],"50%":[162],"reported":[164],"on":[165],"dataset.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":64}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}