{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970873341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1280680.1280697","title":"Bitfrost","display_name":"Bitfrost","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970873341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1280680.1280697","mag":"1970873341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1280680.1280697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1280680.1280697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038217350","display_name":"Ivan Krsti\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Krsti\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["One Laptop per Child, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"One Laptop per Child, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077305737","display_name":"Simson Garfinkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-2831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simson L. Garfinkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038217350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97454012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"132","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.9540473818778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636659145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6490985155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.512297511100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42229336500167847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.9540473818778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636659145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6490985155105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.512297511100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42229336500167847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1280680.1280697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1280680.1280697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481692486","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1922832738","https://openalex.org/W1977764760","https://openalex.org/W2040746359","https://openalex.org/W2081348097","https://openalex.org/W2089562790","https://openalex.org/W2097457752","https://openalex.org/W2112806752","https://openalex.org/W2155865187","https://openalex.org/W2162022335","https://openalex.org/W2167976277","https://openalex.org/W2914772611","https://openalex.org/W2996027056","https://openalex.org/W4213108715","https://openalex.org/W4240805885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3153292769","https://openalex.org/W2045444909","https://openalex.org/W1516398359","https://openalex.org/W1901656956","https://openalex.org/W2990805456","https://openalex.org/W2941659365","https://openalex.org/W4239210160","https://openalex.org/W2376300433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2],"integrated":[3],"security":[4],"model":[5,27],"for":[6],"a":[7],"low-cost":[8],"laptop":[9],"that":[10],"will":[11],"be":[12],"widely":[13],"deployed":[14],"throughout":[15],"the":[16,26,32,37],"developing":[17],"world.":[18],"Implemented":[19],"on":[20],"top":[21],"of":[22],"Linux":[23],"operating":[24],"system,":[25],"is":[28],"designed":[29],"to":[30],"restrict":[31],"laptop's":[33,38],"software":[34],"without":[35],"restricting":[36],"user.":[39]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}