{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083125768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1279920.1279925","title":"Distinctiveness of faces","display_name":"Distinctiveness of faces","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083125768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1279920.1279925","mag":"2083125768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1279920.1279925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1279920.1279925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011831938","display_name":"Manuele Bicego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-3917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuele Bicego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102980809","display_name":"Enrico Grosso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Grosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084817805","display_name":"Andrea Lagorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9113-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Lagorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIR - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036387901","display_name":"Gavin Brelstaff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800759272","display_name":"Center for Advanced Studies Research and Development in Sardinia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdxdk20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800759272"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Brelstaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRS4, Polaris, Pula, Italy","CRS4, Polaris, Pula, Italy#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRS4, Polaris, Pula, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800759272"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRS4, Polaris, Pula, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800759272"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060034388","display_name":"Linda Brodo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-2419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Brodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dsl\u2014University of Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dsl\u2014University of Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064744996","display_name":"M\u00e1ssimo Tistarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Tistarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dap\u2014University of Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dap\u2014University of Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89705754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-distinctiveness-theory","display_name":"Optimal distinctiveness theory","score":0.851576030254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6658965945243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6561239957809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6227371692657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6110320687294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.572942852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.542367160320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5383139252662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287301540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5078509449958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5001938343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4940846264362335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.47725197672843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unary-operation","display_name":"Unary operation","score":0.475882887840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.43982136249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37707191705703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36853885650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09988337755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08056661486625671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47385372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098943","display_name":"Optimal distinctiveness theory","level":2,"score":0.851576030254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6658965945243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6561239957809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6227371692657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6110320687294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.572942852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.542367160320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5383139252662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287301540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5078509449958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5001938343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4940846264362335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.47725197672843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78023250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657596","display_name":"Unary operation","level":2,"score":0.475882887840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43982136249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37707191705703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36853885650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09988337755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08056661486625671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1279920.1279925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1279920.1279925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73612554","https://openalex.org/W85152245","https://openalex.org/W147723833","https://openalex.org/W186613532","https://openalex.org/W202108898","https://openalex.org/W1497599070","https://openalex.org/W1511448892","https://openalex.org/W1527240141","https://openalex.org/W1576918265","https://openalex.org/W1581809140","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1972692507","https://openalex.org/W1988543759","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2003026775","https://openalex.org/W2008107235","https://openalex.org/W2019915615","https://openalex.org/W2027444771","https://openalex.org/W2027768962","https://openalex.org/W2034501924","https://openalex.org/W2037090920","https://openalex.org/W2067086085","https://openalex.org/W2067807322","https://openalex.org/W2089597841","https://openalex.org/W2094090158","https://openalex.org/W2095723660","https://openalex.org/W2106950979","https://openalex.org/W2118743891","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2131759075","https://openalex.org/W2132752688","https://openalex.org/W2135134446","https://openalex.org/W2135463994","https://openalex.org/W2136171036","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2137680370","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2140785556","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2146824864","https://openalex.org/W2147593654","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2154422044","https://openalex.org/W2160225842","https://openalex.org/W2160448907","https://openalex.org/W2608941919","https://openalex.org/W4211165038","https://openalex.org/W4246233237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225552138","https://openalex.org/W2032875729","https://openalex.org/W3046185751","https://openalex.org/W2477273251","https://openalex.org/W2475308993","https://openalex.org/W2790526747","https://openalex.org/W2069575426","https://openalex.org/W3002212064","https://openalex.org/W2888918612","https://openalex.org/W90767720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"and":[3,96],"demonstrates":[4],"an":[5],"original":[6],"approach":[7,157],"to":[8,23,101,116,138],"face-image":[9],"analysis":[10,93,150],"based":[11],"on":[12,78],"identifying":[13],"distinctive":[14,146],"areas":[15],"of":[16,47,55,72,74,130,154,173,185],"each":[17,59],"individual's":[18],"face":[19,60,131],"by":[20,43,144],"its":[21,79],"comparison":[22],"others":[24],"in":[25,81,136],"the":[26,48,102,114,140,145],"population.":[27],"The":[28,70],"method":[29,115],"differs":[30],"from":[31,58,84,87],"most":[32],"others\u2014that":[33],"we":[34,176],"refer":[35],"as":[36,125,159,161],"unary":[37],"\u2014where":[38],"salient":[39],"regions":[40],"are":[41],"defined":[42],"analyzing":[44],"only":[45],"images":[46],"same":[49],"individual.":[50],"We":[51],"extract":[52],"a":[53,66,91,98,170,182],"set":[54],"multiscale":[56],"patches":[57,85],"image":[61],"before":[62],"projecting":[63],"them":[64],"into":[65],"common":[67],"feature":[68,82],"space.":[69],"degree":[71,184],"\u201cdistinctiveness\u201d":[73],"any":[75],"patch":[76],"depends":[77],"distance":[80],"space":[83],"mapped":[86],"other":[88],"individuals.":[89],"First":[90],"pairwise":[92],"is":[94,105,133,158],"developed":[95],"then":[97],"simple":[99],"generalization":[100],"multiple-face":[103],"case":[104],"proposed.":[106],"A":[107,127,148],"perceptual":[108],"experiment,":[109],"involving":[110],"45":[111],"observers,":[112],"indicates":[113],"be":[117],"fairly":[118],"compatible":[119],"with":[120],"how":[121],"humans":[122],"mark":[123],"faces":[124],"distinct.":[126],"quantitative":[128],"example":[129],"authentication":[132],"also":[134,180],"performed":[135],"order":[137],"show":[139,177],"essential":[141],"role":[142],"played":[143],"information.":[147,174],"comparative":[149],"shows":[151],"that":[152],"performance":[153],"our":[155],"n-ary":[156],"good":[160],"several":[162],"contemporary":[163],"unary,":[164],"or":[165],"binary,":[166],"methods,":[167],"while":[168],"tapping":[169],"complementary":[171],"source":[172],"Furthermore,":[175],"it":[178],"can":[179],"provide":[181],"useful":[183],"illumination":[186],"invariance.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
