{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032521426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1278780.1278815","title":"Levelsets in production","display_name":"Levelsets in production","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032521426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1278780.1278815","mag":"2032521426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1278780.1278815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1278780.1278815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 sketches","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075043701","display_name":"Christopher C. R. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2435-4327"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079416691","display_name":"Jonathan Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-5598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan M. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050076353","display_name":"Doug Bloom","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Bloom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088526756","display_name":"Daniel P. Ferreira","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014708941","display_name":"Sho Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1671-0643"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sho Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000658560","display_name":"Cory McMahon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cory McMahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Pictures Imageworks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Pictures Imageworks","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075043701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12893704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6947202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.66168612241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6563729047775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.6487302184104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6467779278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6451452374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5613148212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5240628719329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4847699999809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4325045645236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3904359042644501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33471664786338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.250755250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24060240387916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17633643746376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13737404346466064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6947202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.66168612241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6563729047775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6487302184104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6467779278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6451452374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5613148212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5240628719329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4847699999809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4325045645236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3904359042644501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33471664786338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.250755250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24060240387916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17633643746376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13737404346466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1278780.1278815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1278780.1278815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 sketches","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310844315","https://openalex.org/W2532377291","https://openalex.org/W4309223525","https://openalex.org/W1501473830","https://openalex.org/W1691051400","https://openalex.org/W104982047","https://openalex.org/W2387742153","https://openalex.org/W2554026873","https://openalex.org/W2074513997","https://openalex.org/W2055522053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Levelsets":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,16,19,25,34,40],"flexible":[3,80],"implicit":[4],"surface":[5,17,64,81],"representation":[6],"that":[7],"have":[8],"many":[9,78],"applications":[10],"in":[11,74],"production.":[12],"A":[13],"levelset":[14],"represents":[15],"as":[18],"signed":[20],"distance":[21],"function":[22],"(SDF)":[23],"on":[24],"regularly":[26],"sampled":[27],"grid.":[28],"For":[29],"Spider-Man":[30],"3,":[31],"we":[32],"created":[33],"toolset":[35],"called":[36],"Sandstorm":[37],"which":[38],"included":[39,50],"rich":[41],"set":[42],"of":[43],"levelset-based":[44],"modeling":[45],"and":[46,58,77],"animation":[47],"tools.":[48],"This":[49],"methods":[51,61],"for":[52,62,70],"converting":[53],"geometry":[54],"into":[55,66],"SDF":[56],"fields":[57],"vice":[59],"versa,":[60],"transferring":[63],"attributes":[65],"these":[67],"fields,":[68],"tools":[69],"looking":[71],"up":[72],"values":[73],"an":[75],"SDF,":[76],"other":[79],"editing":[82],"operators.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
