{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106748422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277317","title":"Ensemble learning for free with evolutionary algorithms?","display_name":"Ensemble learning for free with evolutionary algorithms?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106748422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277317","mag":"2106748422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045218915","display_name":"Christian Gagn\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142548","display_name":"Centre de G\u00e9omatique du Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/04a20na41","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142548"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Gagn\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatique WGZ Inc., Qu\u00e9bec, PQ, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatique WGZ Inc., Qu\u00e9bec, PQ, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002747181","display_name":"Mich\u00e8le S\u00e9bag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-7706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mich\u00e8le Sebag","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS / Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud, Orsay, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS / Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081938847","display_name":"Marc Schoenauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-6830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Schoenauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Futurs / Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud, Orsay, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Futurs / Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107540435","display_name":"Marco Tomassini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Tomassini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045218915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142548"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8599802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1782","last_page":"1789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7225812673568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7008787989616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6654807925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.6298944354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6291195154190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.619140088558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6106790900230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5758801102638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-classifier-system","display_name":"Learning classifier system","score":0.5606508851051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.525018036365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45756250619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.45417049527168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.3690430223941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.2252255082130432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7225812673568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7008787989616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6654807925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.6298944354057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6291195154190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.619140088558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6106790900230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5758801102638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199190896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509276","display_name":"Learning classifier system","level":3,"score":0.5606508851051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.525018036365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45756250619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.45417049527168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.3690430223941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.2252255082130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.571.8873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.571.8873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/14/40/10/PDF/eel-gecco.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320885","display_name":"European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/055zrhj18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53188351","https://openalex.org/W192142699","https://openalex.org/W1481595788","https://openalex.org/W1521513558","https://openalex.org/W1525642843","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1536736279","https://openalex.org/W1584910004","https://openalex.org/W1918179283","https://openalex.org/W1922017469","https://openalex.org/W1973368448","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W2006721374","https://openalex.org/W2010941383","https://openalex.org/W2015932775","https://openalex.org/W2030234583","https://openalex.org/W2067885219","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2117564498","https://openalex.org/W2123387822","https://openalex.org/W2145833756","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2161122238","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2316166351","https://openalex.org/W2503216932","https://openalex.org/W2984808340","https://openalex.org/W3028232160","https://openalex.org/W7071374342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046975922","https://openalex.org/W2057416691","https://openalex.org/W4256395896","https://openalex.org/W2968660735","https://openalex.org/W2245276335","https://openalex.org/W1760344465","https://openalex.org/W1985828740","https://openalex.org/W4205397888","https://openalex.org/W3094789558","https://openalex.org/W4388700830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0,55,62],"Learning":[1,39,53,64],"proceeds":[2,44],"by":[3,45,80],"evolving":[4],"a":[5,47,75,90,123],"population":[6,48,113],"of":[7,31,49,125],"classifiers,":[8],"from":[9,110],"which":[10],"it":[11],"generally":[12],"returns":[13],"(with":[14],"some":[15],"notable":[16],"exceptions)":[17],"the":[18,26,32,41,84,96,107,111],"single":[19],"best-of-run":[20],"classifier":[21,85,108,141],"as":[22],"final":[23,112],"result.":[24],"In":[25],"meanwhile,":[27],"Ensemble":[28,52,63],"Learning,":[29],"one":[30],"most":[33],"efficient":[34],"approaches":[35],"in":[36,68],"supervised":[37],"Machine":[38],"for":[40],"last":[42],"decade,":[43],"building":[46],"diverse":[50],"classifiers.":[51],"with":[54],"Computation":[56],"thus":[57],"receives":[58],"increasing":[59],"attention.":[60],"The":[61],"(EEL)":[65],"approach":[66],"presented":[67],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"features":[71],"two":[72],"contributions.":[73],"First,":[74],"new":[76,91],"fitness":[77],"function,":[78],"inspired":[79],"co-evolution":[81],"and":[82,135,138],"enforcing":[83],"diversity,":[86],"is":[87,99,103],"presented.":[88],"Further,":[89],"selection":[92],"criterion":[93,102],"based":[94],"on":[95,122],"classification":[97],"margin":[98],"proposed.":[100],"This":[101],"used":[104],"to":[105],"extract":[106],"ensemble":[109],"only":[114],"(Off-EEL)":[115],"or":[116],"incrementally":[117],"along":[118],"evolution":[119],"(On-EEL).":[120],"Experiments":[121],"set":[124],"benchmark":[126],"problems":[127],"show":[128],"that":[129],"Off-EEL":[130],"outperforms":[131],"single-hypothesis":[132],"evolutionary":[133],"learning":[134],"state-of-art":[136],"Boosting":[137],"generates":[139],"smaller":[140],"ensembles.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}