{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000526024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277163","title":"Environment as a spatial constraint on the growth of structural form","display_name":"Environment as a spatial constraint on the growth of structural form","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000526024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277163","mag":"2000526024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033863497","display_name":"Taras Kowaliw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taras Kowaliw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011976148","display_name":"Peter Grogono","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Grogono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007362775","display_name":"Nawwaf Kharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-3902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawwaf Kharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93351674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1037","last_page":"1044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10184","display_name":"Plant Molecular Biology Research","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.7694979906082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6224452257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.6150815486907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.5983630418777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5453959107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.46359556913375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.43270519375801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43132686614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotype","display_name":"Phenotype","score":0.41413670778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.39127466082572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3662233352661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3352760374546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19599759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1911015510559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15952491760253906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.7694979906082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6224452257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.6150815486907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.5983630418777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5453959107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.46359556913375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.43270519375801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43132686614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.41413670778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39127466082572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3662233352661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3352760374546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19599759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1911015510559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15952491760253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.97.8731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.97.8731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://kowaliw.net/papers/kowaliw_gecco07.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20664472","https://openalex.org/W286879733","https://openalex.org/W636632878","https://openalex.org/W1486591347","https://openalex.org/W1509771011","https://openalex.org/W1512383952","https://openalex.org/W1536232219","https://openalex.org/W1543070272","https://openalex.org/W1546662014","https://openalex.org/W1566659289","https://openalex.org/W1603386619","https://openalex.org/W1980661496","https://openalex.org/W2000690667","https://openalex.org/W2010769244","https://openalex.org/W2047951085","https://openalex.org/W2072871886","https://openalex.org/W2089618882","https://openalex.org/W2140190629","https://openalex.org/W2144070261","https://openalex.org/W2168577286","https://openalex.org/W2502730385","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600850457","https://openalex.org/W6610424549","https://openalex.org/W6628980726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106492215","https://openalex.org/W2326694407","https://openalex.org/W2082859007","https://openalex.org/W2378719652","https://openalex.org/W2115729582","https://openalex.org/W2164831575","https://openalex.org/W2094658154","https://openalex.org/W2370837632","https://openalex.org/W2353187647","https://openalex.org/W4286340544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"explore":[1],"the":[2,5,20,118,137,145],"use":[3],"of":[4,15,22,48,63,139,169],"developmental":[6,50],"environment":[7,75,93,120],"as":[8,79],"a":[9,13,36,55,130,167],"spatial":[10,82],"constraint":[11,83],"on":[12,84],"model":[14,27],"Artificial":[16,150],"Embryogeny,":[17],"applied":[18],"to":[19,30,33,39,155],"growth":[21,148],"structural":[23],"forms.":[24],"A":[25],"Deva":[26],"is":[28,108],"used":[29,78],"translate":[31],"genotype":[32],"phenotype,":[34],"allowing":[35],"Genetic":[37],"Algorithm":[38],"evolve":[40],"Plane":[41],"Trusses.":[42],"Genomes":[43],"are":[44,67,114],"expressed":[45],"in":[46,69,91,121,129,157,166],"one":[47],"several":[49],"environments,":[51,99],"and":[52,61,94,159],"selected":[53],"using":[54],"fitness":[56],"function":[57],"favouring":[58],"stability,":[59],"height,":[60],"distribution":[62],"pressure.":[64],"Positive":[65],"results":[66],"found":[68],"nearly":[70],"all":[71],"cases,":[72],"demonstrating":[73],"that":[74,110,147,160],"can":[76,152],"be":[77,127,153,164],"an":[80],"effective":[81],"development.":[85],"Further":[86],"experiments":[87],"take":[88],"genomes":[89,113],"evolved":[90],"some":[92,112],"transplant":[95],"them":[96,102],"into":[97],"different":[98,104,131],"or":[100],"re-grow":[101],"at":[103],"phenotypic":[105],"sizes;":[106],"It":[107],"shown":[109],"while":[111],"highly":[115],"specialized":[116],"for":[117],"particular":[119],"which":[122],"they":[123],"evolved,":[124],"others":[125],"may":[126,163],"re-used":[128,165],"context":[132],"without":[133],"significant":[134],"re-design,":[135],"retaining":[136],"majority":[138],"their":[140],"original":[141],"utility.":[142],"This":[143],"strengthens":[144],"notion":[146],"via":[149],"Embryogeny":[151],"resistant":[154],"perturbations":[156],"environment,":[158],"good":[161],"designs":[162],"variety":[168],"contexts.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}