{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064626700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277016","title":"Using group selection to evolve leadership in populations of self-replicating digital organisms","display_name":"Using group selection to evolve leadership in populations of self-replicating digital organisms","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064626700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277016","mag":"2064626700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073100574","display_name":"David B. Knoester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Knoester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017795809","display_name":"Philip K. McKinley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip K. McKinley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026353119","display_name":"Charles Ofria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles A. Ofria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95402443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.8164860010147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-selection","display_name":"Group selection","score":0.7808929681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6419282555580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.6373819708824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"Natural selection","score":0.5403876304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4912411570549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-of-the-fittest","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","score":0.43955352902412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3842582702636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25044775009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15919864177703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.1321946084499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11096805334091187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.8164860010147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51520907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874437","display_name":"Group selection","level":3,"score":0.7808929681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6419282555580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.6373819708824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.5403876304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4912411570549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22614528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721322","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","level":2,"score":0.43955352902412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3842582702636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25044775009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15919864177703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.1321946084499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11096805334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276958.1277016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.421.7469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.421.7469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/rts/docs/GECCO_2007/docs/p293.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480328200","https://openalex.org/W1510706333","https://openalex.org/W1568199948","https://openalex.org/W1568906816","https://openalex.org/W1574069754","https://openalex.org/W1602132379","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1934703699","https://openalex.org/W1983153145","https://openalex.org/W1990911977","https://openalex.org/W1991807472","https://openalex.org/W2005946215","https://openalex.org/W2019120960","https://openalex.org/W2057806809","https://openalex.org/W2057807303","https://openalex.org/W2058513663","https://openalex.org/W2074506791","https://openalex.org/W2075674482","https://openalex.org/W2087169316","https://openalex.org/W2088704561","https://openalex.org/W2089380116","https://openalex.org/W2096232175","https://openalex.org/W2096291488","https://openalex.org/W2110119282","https://openalex.org/W2124990234","https://openalex.org/W2138888003","https://openalex.org/W2140317779","https://openalex.org/W2146079677","https://openalex.org/W2147276070","https://openalex.org/W2160958384","https://openalex.org/W2162170584","https://openalex.org/W2167053763","https://openalex.org/W2168516830","https://openalex.org/W2541518681","https://openalex.org/W2611515161","https://openalex.org/W2912823561","https://openalex.org/W4241226388","https://openalex.org/W4246022028","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302045817","https://openalex.org/W6685161499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W93658046","https://openalex.org/W4254952213","https://openalex.org/W2989909607","https://openalex.org/W1990189987","https://openalex.org/W2382542130","https://openalex.org/W2949476947","https://openalex.org/W1509372146","https://openalex.org/W1973629191","https://openalex.org/W2066114109","https://openalex.org/W2064626700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,99],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,24,32,87,96],"study":[4],"in":[5,31,121],"the":[6,48,51,54,59,62,72,122],"evolution":[7,17,75,111],"of":[8,26,53,61,69,85,124],"distributed":[9,126],"cooperative":[10,115],"behavior,":[11],"specifically":[12],"leader":[13,88,92],"election,":[14],"through":[15],"digital":[16,22,74,110],"and":[18,36,42,109,117],"group":[19,79,107],"selection.":[20,44],"In":[21],"evolution,":[23],"population":[25],"self-replicating":[27],"computer":[28],"programs":[29],"exists":[30],"user-defined":[33],"computational":[34],"environment":[35],"is":[37,47,56,93],"subject":[38],"to":[39,58],"instruction-level":[40],"mutations":[41],"natural":[43],"Group":[45],"selection":[46,80,108],"theory":[49],"that":[50,78,91,106],"survival":[52,60],"individual":[55],"linked":[57],"group,":[63],"thus":[64],"encouraging":[65],"cooperation.":[66],"The":[67],"results":[68],"experiments":[70],"using":[71],"Avida":[73],"platform":[76],"demonstrate":[77],"can":[81,112],"produce":[82,113],"populations":[83],"capable":[84],"electing":[86,95],"and,":[89],"when":[90],"terminated,":[94],"new":[97],"leader.":[98],"result":[100],"serves":[101],"as":[102],"an":[103],"existence":[104],"proof":[105],"complex":[114],"behaviors,":[116],"therefore":[118],"have":[119],"promise":[120],"design":[123],"robust":[125],"computing":[127],"systems.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}