{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138390653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276491","title":"Direct manipulation of subdivision surfaces on GPUs","display_name":"Direct manipulation of subdivision surfaces on GPUs","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138390653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276491","mag":"3138390653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276377.1276491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027671723","display_name":"Kun Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101679876","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101844050","display_name":"Weiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-3539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101666011","display_name":"Baining Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-8868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baining Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061000201","display_name":"Heung\u2010Yeung Shum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heung-Yeung Shum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027671723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94112686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"91","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subdivision-surface","display_name":"Subdivision surface","score":0.9062000513076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subdivision","display_name":"Subdivision","score":0.7263821959495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.671226441860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.6590248346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5943415760993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5550541877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5205367803573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-surface","display_name":"Parametric surface","score":0.46000367403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-form-deformation","display_name":"Free-form deformation","score":0.45476797223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4079033434391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.38691002130508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3358195126056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32414600253105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19946390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.10805082321166992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199686383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529124","display_name":"Subdivision surface","level":3,"score":0.9062000513076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.7263821959495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.671226441860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.6590248346328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5943415760993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5550541877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5441514253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5205367803573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2187777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071743","display_name":"Parametric surface","level":3,"score":0.46000367403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780391921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454193","display_name":"Free-form deformation","level":3,"score":0.45476797223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4079033434391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.38691002130508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3358195126056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32414600253105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19946390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.10805082321166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276377.1276491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521229570","https://openalex.org/W1526446859","https://openalex.org/W1602041864","https://openalex.org/W1973588708","https://openalex.org/W1981603350","https://openalex.org/W1993780808","https://openalex.org/W1995685119","https://openalex.org/W2000214666","https://openalex.org/W2016772237","https://openalex.org/W2022408614","https://openalex.org/W2025253790","https://openalex.org/W2031783335","https://openalex.org/W2035690206","https://openalex.org/W2058478206","https://openalex.org/W2088875936","https://openalex.org/W2103386965","https://openalex.org/W2113275166","https://openalex.org/W2119057036","https://openalex.org/W2123749827","https://openalex.org/W2128233236","https://openalex.org/W2133123311","https://openalex.org/W2135454631","https://openalex.org/W2138619397","https://openalex.org/W2142326458","https://openalex.org/W2157079418","https://openalex.org/W2158778494","https://openalex.org/W2160692760","https://openalex.org/W2169776045","https://openalex.org/W2182932938","https://openalex.org/W2223141336","https://openalex.org/W2237825899","https://openalex.org/W2294238806","https://openalex.org/W2295216480","https://openalex.org/W2295482983","https://openalex.org/W2295971529","https://openalex.org/W2997945685","https://openalex.org/W2999104210","https://openalex.org/W4236288244","https://openalex.org/W4253011043","https://openalex.org/W4386198000","https://openalex.org/W6631628818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387884585","https://openalex.org/W2365894372","https://openalex.org/W2097422415","https://openalex.org/W4386160109","https://openalex.org/W2382908174","https://openalex.org/W2182963470","https://openalex.org/W2380333825","https://openalex.org/W2001010849","https://openalex.org/W2611349393","https://openalex.org/W1593931780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,166],"present":[1],"an":[2],"algorithm":[3,135],"for":[4,144],"interactive":[5],"deformation":[6,36,85,97,118,131,134,152,164],"of":[7,156,173,177],"subdivision":[8,12,15,89,188],"surfaces,":[9],"including":[10,175],"displaced":[11,88],"surfaces":[13,16,90,92],"and":[14,60,79,91,102,140],"with":[17,93,106,127,170,190],"geometric":[18,94],"textures.":[19],"Our":[20,133],"system":[21,153],"lets":[22],"the":[23,27,37,46,50,56,75,84,96,160],"user":[24],"directly":[25],"manipulate":[26],"surface":[28,31,48,58,65,189],"using":[29],"freely-selected":[30],"points":[32],"as":[33],"handles.":[34],"During":[35],"control":[38],"mesh":[39,130,163],"vertices":[40],"are":[41],"automatically":[42],"adjusted":[43],"such":[44],"that":[45,73],"deforming":[47],"satisfies":[49],"handle":[51,76],"position":[52,77],"constraints":[53,78],"while":[54],"preserving":[55,81],"original":[57],"shape":[59],"details.":[61],"To":[62,110],"best":[63],"preserve":[64],"details,":[66],"we":[67,114],"develop":[68],"a":[69,116,150,171,187],"gradient":[70],"domain":[71],"technique":[72,169],"incorporates":[74],"detail":[80],"objectives":[82],"into":[83],"energy.":[86],"For":[87],"textures,":[95],"energy":[98],"is":[99,141,149],"highly":[100],"nonlinear":[101],"cannot":[103],"be":[104],"handled":[105],"existing":[107],"iterative":[108],"solvers.":[109],"address":[111],"this":[112],"issue,":[113],"introduce":[115],"shell":[117],"solver,":[119],"which":[120],"replaces":[121],"each":[122],"numerically":[123],"unstable":[124],"iteration":[125],"step":[126],"two":[128],"stable":[129],"operations.":[132],"only":[136],"uses":[137],"local":[138],"operations":[139],"thus":[142],"suitable":[143],"GPU":[145],"implementation.":[146],"The":[147],"result":[148],"real-time":[151,184],"running":[154],"orders":[155],"magnitude":[157],"faster":[158],"than":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"multigrid":[162],"solver.":[165],"demonstrate":[167],"our":[168],"variety":[172],"examples,":[174],"examples":[176],"creating":[178],"visually":[179],"pleasing":[180],"character":[181],"animations":[182],"in":[183],"by":[185],"driving":[186],"motion":[191],"capture":[192],"data.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
