{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230548574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276463","title":"Dappled photography","display_name":"Dappled photography","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230548574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276377.1276463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073971393","display_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-7460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023495279","display_name":"Ramesh Raskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-3224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Raskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087306796","display_name":"Amit Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9619-7623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113496054","display_name":"Ankit Mohan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankit Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002694895","display_name":"Jack Tumblin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Tumblin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.5435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":435,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9924338,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-photography","display_name":"Computational photography","score":0.6762493848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-field","display_name":"Light field","score":0.6307286620140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5858815908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5536733269691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5215722918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.5177516341209412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.509591817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4971506893634796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.49301716685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.492771178483963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.48099812865257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"Photography","score":0.48020491003990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4680742025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray","display_name":"Ray","score":0.4495927691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.42611029744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.28061580657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2757403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20846089720726013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146044194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157334","display_name":"Computational photography","level":4,"score":0.6762493848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.6307286620140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5858815908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5536733269691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5215722918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5177516341209412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.509591817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4971506893634796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.49301716685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.492771178483963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.48099812865257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.48020491003990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4680742025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182610534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633620","display_name":"Ray","level":2,"score":0.4495927691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.42611029744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.28061580657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2757403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20846089720726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1276377.1276463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506219486","https://openalex.org/W1980850943","https://openalex.org/W1987135362","https://openalex.org/W2001933992","https://openalex.org/W2003649052","https://openalex.org/W2007166598","https://openalex.org/W2019284094","https://openalex.org/W2063366997","https://openalex.org/W2064000601","https://openalex.org/W2085927826","https://openalex.org/W2088909704","https://openalex.org/W2104874350","https://openalex.org/W2105555712","https://openalex.org/W2116361875","https://openalex.org/W2130413923","https://openalex.org/W2131925136","https://openalex.org/W2132891903","https://openalex.org/W2137313943","https://openalex.org/W2139915194","https://openalex.org/W2140603512","https://openalex.org/W2143050242","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2144279996","https://openalex.org/W2153125455","https://openalex.org/W2161008509","https://openalex.org/W2162162078","https://openalex.org/W2162369632","https://openalex.org/W2170356055","https://openalex.org/W2170608748","https://openalex.org/W2294985758","https://openalex.org/W2304711083","https://openalex.org/W4243577390","https://openalex.org/W6926222462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361248577","https://openalex.org/W3010334531","https://openalex.org/W2804670141","https://openalex.org/W2994735104","https://openalex.org/W2779986522","https://openalex.org/W2027349390","https://openalex.org/W1983639621","https://openalex.org/W2017241944","https://openalex.org/W2188751381","https://openalex.org/W4236446707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,155],"describe":[1],"a":[2,20,30,40,86,105,159],"theoretical":[3],"framework":[4],"for":[5,148,176],"reversibly":[6],"modulating":[7],"4D":[8,36,107,129,184,203],"light":[9,37,53,60,108,111,204],"fields":[10],"using":[11],"an":[12],"attenuating":[13],"mask":[14,58,161],"in":[15],"the":[16,35,63,70,74,77,99,118,121,133,143,149,153,164,201],"optical":[17],"path":[18],"of":[19,66,120,125,152,183,189,200],"lens":[21,165],"based":[22],"camera.":[23],"Based":[24],"on":[25,76],"this":[26],"framework,":[27],"we":[28],"present":[29],"novel":[31],"design":[32],"to":[33,89,168],"reconstruct":[34],"field":[38,54,112],"from":[39],"2D":[41,78,92,122],"camera":[42,64,82,88],"image":[43,146,190],"without":[44],"any":[45],"additional":[46],"refractive":[47],"elements":[48],"as":[49,85],"required":[50],"by":[51,116,192],"previous":[52],"cameras.":[55],"The":[56,110],"patterned":[57],"attenuates":[59],"rays":[61,75],"inside":[62],"instead":[65],"bending":[67],"them,":[68],"and":[69,131],"attenuation":[71],"recoverably":[72],"encodes":[73],"sensor.":[79],"Our":[80],"mask-equipped":[81],"focuses":[83],"just":[84],"traditional":[87],"capture":[90],"conventional":[91],"photos":[93],"at":[94,163,172],"full":[95,144,173],"sensor":[96,126,174],"resolution,":[97],"but":[98],"raw":[100],"pixel":[101],"values":[102,127],"also":[103,141,156],"hold":[104],"modulated":[106],"field.":[109,205],"can":[113,140],"be":[114],"recovered":[115],"rearranging":[117],"tiles":[119],"Fourier":[123,135],"transform":[124],"into":[128],"planes,":[130],"computing":[132],"inverse":[134],"transform.":[136],"In":[137],"addition,":[138],"one":[139],"recover":[142],"resolution":[145,175],"information":[147],"in-focus":[150],"parts":[151],"scene.":[154],"show":[157],"how":[158],"broadband":[160],"placed":[162],"enables":[166,187],"us":[167],"compute":[169],"refocused":[170],"images":[171],"layered":[177],"Lambertian":[178],"scenes.":[179],"This":[180],"partial":[181],"encoding":[182],"ray-space":[185],"data":[186],"editing":[188],"contents":[191],"depth,":[193],"yet":[194],"does":[195],"not":[196],"require":[197],"computational":[198],"recovery":[199],"complete":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}