{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081163074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274875","title":"Sketching, scaffolding, and inking","display_name":"Sketching, scaffolding, and inking","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081163074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274875","mag":"2081163074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1274871.1274875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113743006","display_name":"Ryan Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083454802","display_name":"Tobias Isenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-8644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Isenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086321520","display_name":"Pauline Jepp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauline Jepp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102945957","display_name":"Karan Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082028522","display_name":"Brian Wyvill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Wyvill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9209,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93467686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656304836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6639086008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.6163769364356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6099873185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4684222936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4343528151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.4281465411186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.419186532497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaffold","display_name":"Scaffold","score":0.4167834520339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32643455266952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1280885636806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11950051784515381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656304836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6639086008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.6163769364356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6099873185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4684222936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4343528151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.4281465411186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.419186532497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.4167834520339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32643455266952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1280885636806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11950051784515381}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1274871.1274875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151541861","https://openalex.org/W589823473","https://openalex.org/W1490482062","https://openalex.org/W1491981412","https://openalex.org/W1503380154","https://openalex.org/W1625727187","https://openalex.org/W1861436941","https://openalex.org/W1967724149","https://openalex.org/W1976024593","https://openalex.org/W1977990515","https://openalex.org/W1980134726","https://openalex.org/W1981220214","https://openalex.org/W1989800297","https://openalex.org/W1995258346","https://openalex.org/W1998077333","https://openalex.org/W1998481295","https://openalex.org/W2005877534","https://openalex.org/W2016611327","https://openalex.org/W2019187323","https://openalex.org/W2026687385","https://openalex.org/W2042728437","https://openalex.org/W2052789583","https://openalex.org/W2068830125","https://openalex.org/W2075046998","https://openalex.org/W2083574922","https://openalex.org/W2089508486","https://openalex.org/W2092072871","https://openalex.org/W2101096043","https://openalex.org/W2103203534","https://openalex.org/W2118558730","https://openalex.org/W2120531851","https://openalex.org/W2132466079","https://openalex.org/W2137391696","https://openalex.org/W2138181839","https://openalex.org/W2140020980","https://openalex.org/W2141716420","https://openalex.org/W2142325488","https://openalex.org/W2153283108","https://openalex.org/W2156739056","https://openalex.org/W2158037930","https://openalex.org/W2161141071","https://openalex.org/W2163189457","https://openalex.org/W2164965940","https://openalex.org/W2172036482","https://openalex.org/W2179723638","https://openalex.org/W2235424849","https://openalex.org/W2284351266","https://openalex.org/W3000113330","https://openalex.org/W3004076791","https://openalex.org/W4205191326","https://openalex.org/W4205241946","https://openalex.org/W6606096283","https://openalex.org/W7071969626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W1580681114","https://openalex.org/W51472912","https://openalex.org/W4362722828","https://openalex.org/W2375652671","https://openalex.org/W2176457742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,15,78,151],"comic-book":[3],"production":[4],"pipeline,":[5],"a":[6,50,56,71,133,147],"method":[7],"is":[8,132],"proposed":[9],"for":[10,62,91],"integrating":[11],"visual":[12,29,148],"aspects":[13],"of":[14,39,58,66,150],"sketching":[16],"process":[17],"into":[18,49],"3D":[19],"sketch-based":[20,127],"modeling":[21,128,152],"systems.":[22],"In":[23],"particular,":[24],"artist-drawn":[25],"construction":[26],"aids":[27],"called":[28],"scaffolding":[30,34,141],"are":[31,47,89,104,121],"explored.":[32],"Two":[33],"components":[35],"which":[36,53,75,137],"simulate":[37],"elements":[38],"pencil":[40],"sketching,":[41],"geometric":[42],"massing":[43],"and":[44,82,98,120,142],"eraser":[45],"marks,":[46],"integrated":[48],"rendering":[51],"pipeline":[52,136],"also":[54],"includes":[55],"suite":[57],"new":[59,87],"object-space":[60],"techniques":[61,103,144],"high-fidelity":[63],"pen-and-ink":[64,143],"depiction":[65],"implicit":[67,79,118],"surfaces.":[68],"Based":[69],"on":[70],"hybrid,":[72],"hierarchical":[73,117],"approach":[74],"leverages":[76],"both":[77],"surface":[80,96],"definition":[81],"an":[83,125],"underlying":[84],"coarse":[85],"tessellation,":[86],"methods":[88],"described":[90],"computing":[92],"silhouettes,":[93],"suggestive":[94],"contours,":[95],"stippling,":[97],"surfel-based":[99],"visibility":[100],"culling.":[101],"These":[102],"real-time":[105,134],"but":[106],"require":[107],"no":[108],"pre-computation,":[109],"allowing":[110],"them":[111],"to":[112,115,145],"be":[113],"applied":[114],"dynamic":[116],"surfaces,":[119],"demonstrated":[122],"in":[123],"ShapeShop,":[124],"interactive":[126],"tool.":[129],"The":[130],"result":[131],"display":[135],"composites":[138],"these":[139],"novel":[140],"depict":[146],"history":[149],"process.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
