{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060809589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274874","title":"Modeling with rendering primitives","display_name":"Modeling with rendering primitives","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060809589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274874","mag":"2060809589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1274871.1274874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002466975","display_name":"Martin K. Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-751X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083454802","display_name":"Tobias Isenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-8644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Isenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008242541","display_name":"Katherine Merle Mason","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012561411","display_name":"Sheelagh Carpendale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheelagh Carpendale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80631579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"15","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.9364633560180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8372205495834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6694694757461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tweaking","display_name":"Tweaking","score":0.6529287695884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-modeling-and-rendering","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","score":0.5786685943603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-photorealistic-rendering","display_name":"Non-photorealistic rendering","score":0.5243268609046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.47423383593559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiled-rendering","display_name":"Tiled rendering","score":0.4586191177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-rendering","display_name":"3D rendering","score":0.44143596291542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-rendering","display_name":"Parallel rendering","score":0.43590879440307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3559069335460663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-rendering","display_name":"Software rendering","score":0.3467326760292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.15404701232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.13086116313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.12579327821731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.10409903526306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.07419097423553467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.9364633560180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8372205495834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6694694757461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780200862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4453309","display_name":"Tweaking","level":2,"score":0.6529287695884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.5786685943603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155650255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259326","display_name":"Non-photorealistic rendering","level":5,"score":0.5243268609046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.47423383593559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7802119","display_name":"Tiled rendering","level":5,"score":0.4586191177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.44143596291542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186772499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135017","display_name":"Parallel rendering","level":3,"score":0.43590879440307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3559069335460663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.3467326760292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.15404701232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.13086116313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.12579327821731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.10409903526306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.07419097423553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1274871.1274874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67598112","https://openalex.org/W189850864","https://openalex.org/W1485657194","https://openalex.org/W1498389515","https://openalex.org/W1556727172","https://openalex.org/W1578979560","https://openalex.org/W1594772103","https://openalex.org/W1748702869","https://openalex.org/W1897224218","https://openalex.org/W1976746863","https://openalex.org/W1981963587","https://openalex.org/W1989800297","https://openalex.org/W1994647946","https://openalex.org/W2000070422","https://openalex.org/W2004088350","https://openalex.org/W2016611327","https://openalex.org/W2019187323","https://openalex.org/W2034926121","https://openalex.org/W2058983849","https://openalex.org/W2064072235","https://openalex.org/W2070101470","https://openalex.org/W2070401514","https://openalex.org/W2083391716","https://openalex.org/W2097481302","https://openalex.org/W2115071142","https://openalex.org/W2118558730","https://openalex.org/W2122132508","https://openalex.org/W2133301102","https://openalex.org/W2134594352","https://openalex.org/W2135298690","https://openalex.org/W2138181514","https://openalex.org/W2148387638","https://openalex.org/W2163189457","https://openalex.org/W2169411235","https://openalex.org/W2169607583","https://openalex.org/W2171981681","https://openalex.org/W2206217778","https://openalex.org/W2236247158","https://openalex.org/W2243570189","https://openalex.org/W2501137575","https://openalex.org/W2996784711","https://openalex.org/W3010560151","https://openalex.org/W3188012383","https://openalex.org/W4234222424","https://openalex.org/W4243820778","https://openalex.org/W4250618567","https://openalex.org/W6633089733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2407724398","https://openalex.org/W2366215510","https://openalex.org/W2370138959","https://openalex.org/W2914881508","https://openalex.org/W1987288184","https://openalex.org/W2157925631","https://openalex.org/W2097826599","https://openalex.org/W2461502132","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W2106647072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-photorealistic":[0],"rendering":[1,19,95],"has":[2,26,99],"placed":[3],"much":[4],"emphasis":[5],"on":[6,121],"developing":[7],"algorithms":[8],"that":[9,83],"determine":[10],"the":[11,37,57,100,127,134],"appearance":[12],"of":[13,46,102,129,136],"renditions.":[14,39],"To":[15],"successfully":[16],"deploy":[17],"NPR":[18,64,107],"systems":[20,41],"using":[21,81],"these":[22,79],"algorithms,":[23],"however,":[24],"one":[25,53],"to":[27],"consider":[28],"how":[29],"artists,":[30],"illustrators,":[31],"or":[32],"lay":[33],"people":[34],"can":[35,70],"influence":[36],"created":[38],"Many":[40],"require":[42],"a":[43,68,72],"cyclical":[44],"process":[45],"parameter":[47,113],"tweaking,":[48],"rendering,":[49,138],"and":[50,77,115,140],"validation":[51],"before":[52],"is":[54],"satisfied":[55],"with":[56,74,94],"final":[58],"rendition.":[59],"We":[60,89,125],"present":[61],"an":[62],"interactive":[63],"canvas":[65],"in":[66],"which":[67],"user":[69],"construct":[71],"rendition":[73],"pre-rendered":[75],"primitives":[76,80],"modify":[78],"tools":[82],"provide":[84],"spatially":[85],"explicit":[86],"computational":[87],"assistance.":[88],"call":[90],"this":[91,130],"approach":[92],"modeling":[93],"primitives.":[96,124],"Our":[97],"technique":[98,132],"advantage":[101],"algorithmic":[103],"support":[104],"for":[105,133],"creating":[106],"renditions":[108],"but":[109],"requires":[110],"neither":[111],"global":[112],"adjustments":[114],"re-rendering":[116],"cycles":[117],"nor":[118],"attribute":[119],"changes":[120],"individually":[122],"selected":[123],"demonstrate":[126],"applicability":[128],"interaction":[131],"creation":[135],"painterly":[137],"pointillism,":[139],"decorative":[141],"mosaics.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}