{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097079088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273632","title":"Asymptotic Bayesian generalization error when training and test distributions are different","display_name":"Asymptotic Bayesian generalization error when training and test distributions are different","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097079088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273632","mag":"2097079088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1273496.1273632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273632","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015169524","display_name":"Keisuke Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-4298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, JAPAN#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, JAPAN#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004328317","display_name":"Motoaki Kawanabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motoaki Kawanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIRST, IDA, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIRST, IDA, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089768991","display_name":"Sumio Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-5639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumio Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072744508","display_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107838719","display_name":"Klaus\u2010Robert M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus-Robert M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Technical University of Berlin, Berlin (Germany)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Berlin (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015169524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92686054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1079","last_page":"1086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.785474419593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.6461682915687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6364490985870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5711145401000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.5554060339927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5373393893241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.46001124382019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4285110831260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3568858504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33122220635414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.11353638768196106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.785474419593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6461682915687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6364490985870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5711145401000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.5554060339927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5373393893241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.46001124382019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4285110831260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3568858504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33122220635414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.11353638768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1273496.1273632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273632","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.145.1241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.145.1241","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.machinelearning.org/proceedings/icml2007/papers/124.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.330.4532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.330.4532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sugiyama-www.cs.titech.ac.jp/~sugi/2007/ICML2007.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-61000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-61000.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FIRST","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/354738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/354738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:50062651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100575851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189742998","https://openalex.org/W1498183065","https://openalex.org/W1594725708","https://openalex.org/W1607624180","https://openalex.org/W1963661053","https://openalex.org/W1968908999","https://openalex.org/W2017137572","https://openalex.org/W2033976720","https://openalex.org/W2034368206","https://openalex.org/W2081850149","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2112081648","https://openalex.org/W2112483442","https://openalex.org/W2114338449","https://openalex.org/W2120217353","https://openalex.org/W2133370198","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2144578442","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2255883267","https://openalex.org/W2811380766","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3023544697","https://openalex.org/W3023786531","https://openalex.org/W3103871524","https://openalex.org/W4213299189","https://openalex.org/W4246784033","https://openalex.org/W6629670641","https://openalex.org/W6676840641","https://openalex.org/W6681490538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381411913","https://openalex.org/W2562263695","https://openalex.org/W2087331387","https://openalex.org/W2135187896","https://openalex.org/W2015518264","https://openalex.org/W2147201983","https://openalex.org/W2795035211","https://openalex.org/W4321151660","https://openalex.org/W2160108762","https://openalex.org/W4367000426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"supervised":[1],"learning,":[2],"we":[3],"commonly":[4],"assume":[5],"that":[6,75],"training":[7,47],"and":[8,25,38,48,61,114],"test":[9,49],"data":[10],"are":[11,51],"sampled":[12],"from":[13],"the":[14,40,46,56,83,86,93],"same":[15],"distribution.":[16],"However,":[17],"this":[18],"assumption":[19],"can":[20,79,106],"be":[21,80,107],"violated":[22],"in":[23,82],"practice":[24],"then":[26],"standard":[27],"machine":[28],"learning":[29],"techniques":[30],"perform":[31],"poorly.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"focuses":[35],"on":[36],"revealing":[37],"improving":[39],"performance":[41],"of":[42,85,102],"Bayesian":[43,58],"estimation":[44],"when":[45],"distributions":[50],"different.":[52],"We":[53,96],"formally":[54],"analyze":[55],"asymptotic":[57],"generalization":[59],"error":[60],"establish":[62],"its":[63],"upper":[64],"bound":[65],"under":[66,92,116],"a":[67,99,117],"very":[68],"general":[69],"setting.":[70],"Our":[71],"important":[72,90],"finding":[73],"is":[74],"lower":[76],"order":[77],"terms---which":[78],"ignored":[81],"absence":[84],"distribution":[87,94,119],"change---play":[88],"an":[89,111],"role":[91],"change.":[95,120],"also":[97],"propose":[98],"novel":[100],"variant":[101],"stochastic":[103],"complexity":[104],"which":[105],"used":[108],"for":[109],"choosing":[110],"appropriate":[112],"model":[113],"hyper-parameters":[115],"particular":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
