{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963898916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777","title":"TestU01","display_name":"TestU01","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963898916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777","mag":"1963898916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1268776.1268777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163326656","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","issn_l":"0098-3500","issn":["0098-3500","1557-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091510633","display_name":"Pierre L\u2019Ecuyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-0796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pierre L'Ecuyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Canada","Universite de Montreal (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Montreal (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067663802","display_name":"Richard Simard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Simard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Canada","Universite de Montreal (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Montreal (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091510633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.5244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":991,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9981929,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7968837022781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.6373387575149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6221185922622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.49759939312934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4804253578186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4741220772266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.4486730098724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.4318745732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4301436245441437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41682004928588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41408902406692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ansi-c","display_name":"ANSI C","score":0.4114510118961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3417609930038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.2777319550514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2658635377883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18807566165924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10476094484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09330901503562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08114767074584961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7968837022781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.6373387575149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6221185922622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49759939312934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4804253578186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4741220772266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.4486730098724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.4318745732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4301436245441437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41682004928588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41408902406692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158100120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931402","display_name":"ANSI C","level":3,"score":0.4114510118961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3417609930038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2777319550514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2658635377883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18807566165924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10476094484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09330901503562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08114767074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1268776.1268777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163326656","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","issn_l":"0098-3500","issn":["0098-3500","1557-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120141331","https://openalex.org/W347624992","https://openalex.org/W1484962001","https://openalex.org/W1499264386","https://openalex.org/W1499829935","https://openalex.org/W1504927221","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1545316884","https://openalex.org/W1557786636","https://openalex.org/W1569885018","https://openalex.org/W1572300106","https://openalex.org/W1580145217","https://openalex.org/W1587303575","https://openalex.org/W1594652978","https://openalex.org/W1599402473","https://openalex.org/W1606794504","https://openalex.org/W1833781060","https://openalex.org/W1969176878","https://openalex.org/W1969481231","https://openalex.org/W1970708539","https://openalex.org/W1973335145","https://openalex.org/W1973429805","https://openalex.org/W1976074306","https://openalex.org/W1977715154","https://openalex.org/W1981663184","https://openalex.org/W1986517320","https://openalex.org/W1988036189","https://openalex.org/W1990081392","https://openalex.org/W1990974869","https://openalex.org/W2002696859","https://openalex.org/W2007153925","https://openalex.org/W2010449887","https://openalex.org/W2010523529","https://openalex.org/W2013034268","https://openalex.org/W2013953286","https://openalex.org/W2015498579","https://openalex.org/W2015605031","https://openalex.org/W2018997718","https://openalex.org/W2022349318","https://openalex.org/W2024835947","https://openalex.org/W2025467229","https://openalex.org/W2025905409","https://openalex.org/W2030269782","https://openalex.org/W2031859776","https://openalex.org/W2033803521","https://openalex.org/W2035093001","https://openalex.org/W2035743124","https://openalex.org/W2037231736","https://openalex.org/W2037594920","https://openalex.org/W2037703035","https://openalex.org/W2043419861","https://openalex.org/W2043755558","https://openalex.org/W2045715929","https://openalex.org/W2048924597","https://openalex.org/W2051594628","https://openalex.org/W2055913615","https://openalex.org/W2055970600","https://openalex.org/W2057202277","https://openalex.org/W2057897685","https://openalex.org/W2059150393","https://openalex.org/W2064975723","https://openalex.org/W2068188812","https://openalex.org/W2070276049","https://openalex.org/W2075556783","https://openalex.org/W2079828678","https://openalex.org/W2081985429","https://openalex.org/W2082752515","https://openalex.org/W2083272492","https://openalex.org/W2083981050","https://openalex.org/W2084977758","https://openalex.org/W2085890672","https://openalex.org/W2086611351","https://openalex.org/W2090824272","https://openalex.org/W2092708548","https://openalex.org/W2092952227","https://openalex.org/W2095595785","https://openalex.org/W2107360558","https://openalex.org/W2111433785","https://openalex.org/W2113041237","https://openalex.org/W2114833710","https://openalex.org/W2117227986","https://openalex.org/W2118097820","https://openalex.org/W2121382721","https://openalex.org/W2121495572","https://openalex.org/W2121646383","https://openalex.org/W2122962290","https://openalex.org/W2125719594","https://openalex.org/W2125731394","https://openalex.org/W2129108235","https://openalex.org/W2130841528","https://openalex.org/W2133193573","https://openalex.org/W2133988913","https://openalex.org/W2142857718","https://openalex.org/W2142962681","https://openalex.org/W2153645832","https://openalex.org/W2157018930","https://openalex.org/W2162442687","https://openalex.org/W2163740453","https://openalex.org/W2164263318","https://openalex.org/W2169634760","https://openalex.org/W2170120409","https://openalex.org/W2181393575","https://openalex.org/W2328425223","https://openalex.org/W2334439626","https://openalex.org/W2476762106","https://openalex.org/W2605995916","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2796793427","https://openalex.org/W2977721658","https://openalex.org/W3010081973","https://openalex.org/W3013047388","https://openalex.org/W3103425964","https://openalex.org/W3135037104","https://openalex.org/W3139020934","https://openalex.org/W3198310217","https://openalex.org/W4229739412","https://openalex.org/W4230637257","https://openalex.org/W4231642375","https://openalex.org/W4242117757","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W4246478062","https://openalex.org/W4250801571","https://openalex.org/W4256739667","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294841944","https://openalex.org/W4300336589","https://openalex.org/W4300580367","https://openalex.org/W4300840064","https://openalex.org/W6629840143","https://openalex.org/W6635597292","https://openalex.org/W6652960465","https://openalex.org/W6744529318","https://openalex.org/W6792041974","https://openalex.org/W6821743653","https://openalex.org/W7058482824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104480405","https://openalex.org/W2772380824","https://openalex.org/W2062045810","https://openalex.org/W1534576401","https://openalex.org/W2988803943","https://openalex.org/W2068428530","https://openalex.org/W3124991594","https://openalex.org/W2775374936","https://openalex.org/W3111658143","https://openalex.org/W2161451071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"TestU01":[2,211],",":[3,212],"a":[4,15,87,99,107,113,131,216,219,233],"software":[5],"library":[6,149],"implemented":[7,155],"in":[8,48,156,166,171,186,207],"the":[9,20,35,49,65,84,91,94,124,128,134,139,144,148,167,183,187,213],"ANSI":[10],"C":[11],"language,":[12],"and":[13,51,69,90,112,218],"offering":[14],"collection":[16],"of":[17,24,34,60,83,93,102,110,116,127,133,153,182,196,203,221,230,236],"utilities":[18],"for":[19,39,58,70,106,224],"empirical":[21],"statistical":[22,37,222],"testing":[23],"uniform":[25,61],"random":[26,62,197],"number":[27],"generators":[28,154,164,184],"(RNGs).":[29],"It":[30,226],"provides":[31,150,215],"general":[32],"implementations":[33],"classical":[36],"tests":[38,46,56,176,223,231],"RNGs,":[40,117],"as":[41,43,130,159,161],"well":[42,160],"several":[44],"others":[45],"proposed":[47,165],"literature,":[50],"some":[52],"original":[53],"ones.":[54],"Predefined":[55],"suites":[57],"sequences":[59,72],"numbers":[63,198],"over":[64],"interval":[66],"(0,":[67],"1)":[68],"bit":[71],"are":[73,76],"available.":[74],"Tools":[75],"also":[77,227],"offered":[78],"to":[79,118,142,180,190,194,232],"perform":[80],"systematic":[81],"studies":[82],"interaction":[85],"between":[86],"specific":[88,163],"test":[89,111,145],"structure":[92],"point":[95],"sets":[96],"produced":[97,199],"by":[98,200],"given":[100,108,114],"family":[101],"RNGs.":[103,225,239],"That":[104],"is,":[105],"kind":[109,202],"class":[115],"determine":[119],"how":[120],"large":[121],"should":[122],"be":[123,178],"sample":[125],"size":[126],"test,":[129],"function":[132],"generator's":[135],"period":[136],"length,":[137],"before":[138],"generator":[140],"starts":[141],"fail":[143],"systematically.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"various":[151],"types":[152],"generic":[157],"form,":[158],"many":[162],"literature":[168],"or":[169,189,193,205],"found":[170],"widely":[172,237],"used":[173,238],"software.":[174],"The":[175],"can":[177],"applied":[179],"instances":[181],"predefined":[185],"library,":[188],"user-defined":[191],"generators,":[192],"streams":[195],"any":[201],"device":[204],"stored":[206],"files.":[208],"Besides":[209],"introducing":[210],"article":[214],"survey":[217],"classification":[220],"applies":[228],"batteries":[229],"long":[234],"list":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":46}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}