{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124394873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1266840.1266853","title":"Managing the risk of covert information flows in virtual machine systems","display_name":"Managing the risk of covert information flows in virtual machine systems","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124394873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1266840.1266853","mag":"2124394873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1266840.1266853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1266840.1266853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045569","display_name":"Trent Jaeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trent Jaeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015743671","display_name":"Reiner Sailer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiner Sailer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research -- Watson, Hawthorne, NY","IBM Research Watson, Hawthorne, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research -- Watson, Hawthorne, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Watson, Hawthorne, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074936020","display_name":"Yogesh Sreenivasan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Sreenivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055045569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95369201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7946468591690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7860846519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.7452200651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.7051756978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6709397435188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy","display_name":"Security policy","score":0.6661486029624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.6054409742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.5726569294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.54847252368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.513419508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.4859093725681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandatory-access-control","display_name":"Mandatory access control","score":0.4780866801738739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.44831258058547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-based-access-control","display_name":"Role-based access control","score":0.1722339689731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13885843753814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.10287335515022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.09948685765266418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7946468591690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7860846519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.7452200651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.7051756978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6709397435188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.6661486029624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.6054409742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.5726569294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.54847252368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.513419508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4859093725681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888932","display_name":"Mandatory access control","level":4,"score":0.4780866801738739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.44831258058547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45567728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702839","display_name":"Role-based access control","level":3,"score":0.1722339689731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13885843753814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.10287335515022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.09948685765266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1266840.1266853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1266840.1266853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154231405","https://openalex.org/W189585970","https://openalex.org/W1486090544","https://openalex.org/W1582703556","https://openalex.org/W1606635928","https://openalex.org/W1635651613","https://openalex.org/W1908051842","https://openalex.org/W1986079362","https://openalex.org/W1988691348","https://openalex.org/W1989602286","https://openalex.org/W1991895580","https://openalex.org/W2007999111","https://openalex.org/W2032131630","https://openalex.org/W2036910349","https://openalex.org/W2068341689","https://openalex.org/W2099137371","https://openalex.org/W2104002845","https://openalex.org/W2108789824","https://openalex.org/W2109387928","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2149564791","https://openalex.org/W2160352512","https://openalex.org/W2160612883","https://openalex.org/W2162171351","https://openalex.org/W2166835681","https://openalex.org/W2168084064","https://openalex.org/W2174103411","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W4238378264","https://openalex.org/W4244704438","https://openalex.org/W6636826181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092798601","https://openalex.org/W2106969392","https://openalex.org/W1587042134","https://openalex.org/W2054093036","https://openalex.org/W2017348396","https://openalex.org/W1595551935","https://openalex.org/W2360781613","https://openalex.org/W1670050423","https://openalex.org/W2000205253","https://openalex.org/W2157160400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flexible":[0],"mandatory":[1],"access":[2,105],"control":[3,106],"(MAC)":[4],"enforcement":[5],"is":[6,25,49],"now":[7],"available":[8],"for":[9,19],"virtual":[10,22],"machine":[11,23],"systems.":[12,178],"For":[13],"example,":[14],"the":[15,20,28,35,41,123,135,144,156,184,209],"sHype":[16],"MAC":[17,45,52],"system":[18],"Xen":[21,30],"monitor":[24],"part":[26],"of":[27,37,44,96,104,126,137,158,183,211],"mainline":[29],"distribution.":[31],"Such":[32],"systems":[33,39,54],"offer":[34],"isolation":[36],"VM":[38,53,177],"with":[40],"flexible":[42],"security":[43,97],"enforcement.":[46],"A":[47],"problem":[48],"that":[50,113,142,181,202],"such":[51,171,203],"will":[55,173],"only":[56],"be":[57,174,206],"assured":[58],"at":[59],"modest":[60],"levels":[61],"(e.g.,":[62],"Common":[63],"Criteria":[64],"EAL4),":[65],"so":[66,83],"they":[67],"may":[68],"contain":[69],"covert":[70,91,100,119,149],"channels.":[71],"Covert":[72],"channels":[73,101],"are":[74,102],"often":[75],"difficult":[76],"to":[77,81,88,93,121,130,148,162,194],"identify":[78],"and":[79,118,188],"harder":[80],"remove,":[82],"we":[84,109,154,168,200],"propose":[85,110],"an":[86,111],"approach":[87,112],"manage":[89],"possible":[90,124],"leakage":[92,128],"enable":[94],"verification":[95],"guarantees.":[98],"Typically,":[99],"outside":[103],"policies,":[107],"but":[108],"includes":[114],"both":[115],"overt":[116],"flows":[117,120],"assess":[122],"risk":[125,139,164,196],"information":[127],"due":[129,147],"their":[131],"combination.":[132],"We":[133,179],"define":[134],"concept":[136],"a":[138],"flow":[140,165,197],"policy":[141,160],"describes":[143],"authorized":[145],"risks":[146],"flows.":[150],"In":[151],"this":[152],"paper,":[153],"evaluate":[155],"ability":[157],"four":[159],"models":[161],"express":[163,195],"policies.":[166,198],"Further,":[167,199],"examine":[169],"how":[170],"policies":[172,204],"enforced":[175,207],"in":[176,208],"find":[180,201],"variants":[182],"Chinese":[185],"Wall":[186],"model":[187,190],"Bell-LaPadula":[189],"have":[191],"features":[192],"necessary":[193],"can":[205],"context":[210],"sHype's":[212],"Type":[213],"Enforcement":[214],"model.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
