{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030020312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1255456.1255466","title":"Probabilistic system-on-a-chip architectures","display_name":"Probabilistic system-on-a-chip architectures","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030020312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1255456.1255466","mag":"2030020312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1255456.1255466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1255456.1255466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058349928","display_name":"Lakshmi Narasimhan Chakrapani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-039X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lakshmi N. Chakrapani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001754984","display_name":"Pinar Korkmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-9076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinar Korkmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111698357","display_name":"Bilge E. S. Akgul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilge E. S. Akgul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061421817","display_name":"Krishna V. Palem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna V. Palem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058349928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97539235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.84880530834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7635874152183533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5765566229820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5393810868263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis-of-algorithms","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","score":0.4543837308883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4269281327724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psoc","display_name":"PSoC","score":0.4236852824687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42080482840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.3868752121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.29791396856307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13921239972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13395211100578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09670409560203552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.84880530834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7635874152183533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5765566229820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5393810868263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.4543837308883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4269281327724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95421548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640617","display_name":"PSoC","level":3,"score":0.4236852824687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42080482840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.3868752121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29791396856307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13921239972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13395211100578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09670409560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1255456.1255466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1255456.1255466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.91.430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.91.430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.crest.gatech.edu/palempbitscurrent/a29-chakrapani.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6244559261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F30602-02-2-0124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762054423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8650-04-C-7126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53320930","https://openalex.org/W173522805","https://openalex.org/W195211043","https://openalex.org/W588799346","https://openalex.org/W1505477995","https://openalex.org/W1505874246","https://openalex.org/W1566296806","https://openalex.org/W1964053266","https://openalex.org/W1967313757","https://openalex.org/W1990173890","https://openalex.org/W2004333965","https://openalex.org/W2010470943","https://openalex.org/W2011398297","https://openalex.org/W2033357394","https://openalex.org/W2035974948","https://openalex.org/W2061106457","https://openalex.org/W2068967633","https://openalex.org/W2090824272","https://openalex.org/W2092553802","https://openalex.org/W2105259569","https://openalex.org/W2106622045","https://openalex.org/W2108399669","https://openalex.org/W2113145298","https://openalex.org/W2114853176","https://openalex.org/W2116501055","https://openalex.org/W2116767161","https://openalex.org/W2117648153","https://openalex.org/W2138625816","https://openalex.org/W2145840445","https://openalex.org/W2148987260","https://openalex.org/W2149870396","https://openalex.org/W2150110803","https://openalex.org/W2151503471","https://openalex.org/W2152958194","https://openalex.org/W2155664816","https://openalex.org/W2256890100","https://openalex.org/W2497735908","https://openalex.org/W2567782165","https://openalex.org/W2751862591","https://openalex.org/W2889024928","https://openalex.org/W2911546748","https://openalex.org/W2921544823","https://openalex.org/W3182208082","https://openalex.org/W4231340621","https://openalex.org/W4233798822","https://openalex.org/W4249101626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3217331620","https://openalex.org/W3172738420","https://openalex.org/W2941886462","https://openalex.org/W2144894655","https://openalex.org/W2374423359","https://openalex.org/W1996689854","https://openalex.org/W3162130314","https://openalex.org/W2065289416","https://openalex.org/W2017236304","https://openalex.org/W2115579119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parameter":[0],"variations,":[1],"noise":[2,31],"susceptibility,":[3],"and":[4,19,30,77,151,162,196,208],"increasing":[5],"energy":[6,130,161],"dissipation":[7],"of":[8,83,120,139,148,159,179],"cmos":[9,36,95],"devices":[10,37,96],"have":[11],"been":[12],"recognized":[13],"as":[14,104,132,134,172,174],"major":[15],"challenges":[16],"in":[17,22,40,52,72,113,129,136],"circuit":[18],"microarchitecture":[20],"design":[21,53,192,199],"the":[23,86,117,137,157,160,202,209],"nanometer":[24],"regime.":[25],"Among":[26],"these,":[27],"parameter":[28],"variations":[29],"susceptibility":[32],"are":[33,92,154,171],"increasingly":[34],"causing":[35],"to":[38,59,69,100,103,115,184],"behave":[39],"an":[41,79],"\u201cunreliable\u201d":[42],"or":[43,61,107,141],"\u201cprobabilistic\u201d":[44,62],"manner.":[45],"To":[46,67],"address":[47],"these":[48],"challenges,":[49],"a":[50,175,185],"shift":[51],"paradigm":[54],"from":[55],"current-day":[56],"deterministic":[57],"designs":[58,63],"\u201cstatistical\u201d":[60],"is":[64,193],"deemed":[65],"inevitable.":[66],"respond":[68],"this":[70,73],"need,":[71],"article,":[74],"we":[75],"introduce":[76],"study":[78],"entirely":[80],"novel":[81],"family":[82],"probabilistic":[84,87,98,105,118,140,210],"architectures:":[85],"system-on-a-chip":[88],"(psoc).":[89],"psoc":[90,123],"architectures":[91,124],"based":[93],"on":[94],"rendered":[97],"due":[99],"noise,":[101],"referred":[102],"CMOS":[106],"PCMOS":[108],"devices.":[109],"We":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"that":[112],"addition":[114],"harnessing":[116],"behavior":[119],"pcmos":[121],"devices,":[122],"yield":[125],"significant":[126],"improvements,":[127],"both":[128],"consumed":[131],"well":[133],"performance":[135],"context":[138],"randomized":[142],"applications":[143],"with":[144],"broad":[145],"utility.":[146],"All":[147],"our":[149],"application":[150,194],"architectural":[152,191],"savings":[153],"quantified":[155],"using":[156],"product":[158],"performance,":[163],"denoted":[164],"(energy":[165],"\u00d7":[166],"performance):":[167],"The":[168],"pcmos-based":[169],"gains":[170],"high":[173],"substantial":[176],"multiplicative":[177],"factor":[178],"over":[180],"560":[181],"when":[182],"compared":[183],"competing":[186],"energy-efficient":[187],"cmos-based":[188],"realization.":[189],"Our":[190],"specific":[195],"involves":[197],"navigating":[198],"space":[200],"spanning":[201],"algorithm":[203],"(application),":[204],"its":[205],"architecture":[206],"(psoc),":[207],"technology":[211],"(pcmos).":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}