{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134093956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1250734.1250783","title":"Searching for type-error messages","display_name":"Searching for type-error messages","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134093956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1250734.1250783","mag":"2134093956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1250734.1250783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1250734.1250783","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031602124","display_name":"Benjamin S. Lerner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin S. Lerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA","University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069033690","display_name":"Matthew Flower","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Flower","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA","University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045316","display_name":"Dan Grossman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA","University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070604627","display_name":"Craig Chambers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Chambers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA","University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington (Seattle, WA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94456254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"425","last_page":"434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.8890987038612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8694800138473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7163271307945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.684777021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6786324977874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6493369340896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.4468296468257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.418972909450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2086811661720276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.8890987038612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8694800138473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7163271307945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.684777021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6786324977874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6493369340896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4468296468257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.418972909450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2086811661720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1250734.1250783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1250734.1250783","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.71.8886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.71.8886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pag.lcs.mit.edu/reading-group/lerner07searching.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176902785","https://openalex.org/W1480108576","https://openalex.org/W1506661840","https://openalex.org/W1568497055","https://openalex.org/W1583770165","https://openalex.org/W1876174594","https://openalex.org/W1999764179","https://openalex.org/W2004071957","https://openalex.org/W2029079408","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2045313089","https://openalex.org/W2062727459","https://openalex.org/W2068336423","https://openalex.org/W2139099489","https://openalex.org/W2147609113","https://openalex.org/W2148329403","https://openalex.org/W2162295022","https://openalex.org/W2163610657","https://openalex.org/W2166414999","https://openalex.org/W2168280960","https://openalex.org/W4242481590","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634089098","https://openalex.org/W7053382154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297831890","https://openalex.org/W2804371217","https://openalex.org/W2963764498","https://openalex.org/W2068383718","https://openalex.org/W2156211387","https://openalex.org/W1977621403","https://openalex.org/W4246881098","https://openalex.org/W1481489425","https://openalex.org/W1548616325","https://openalex.org/W3010001255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"type":[1,8,18,92,104,123],"systems":[2],"often":[3,20],"need":[4],"some":[5],"form":[6],"of":[7,14],"inference":[9,19],"to":[10,22,35,72],"reduce":[11],"the":[12,44,50,118],"burden":[13],"explicit":[15],"typing,":[16],"but":[17],"leads":[21],"poor":[23],"error":[24,74],"messages":[25,41,75],"for":[26,57,86,99],"ill-typed":[27],"programs.":[28],"This":[29],"work":[30],"pursues":[31],"a":[32,58,88,97],"new":[33],"approach":[34,114],"constructing":[36],"compilers":[37],"and":[38,83],"presenting":[39],"type-error":[40],"in":[42],"which":[43],"type-checker":[45],"itself":[46],"does":[47],"not":[48],"produce":[49],"messages.":[51],"Instead,":[52],"it":[53],"is":[54,71,85,106,111],"an":[55],"oracle":[56],"search":[59],"procedure":[60],"that":[61,65],"finds":[62],"similar":[63],"programs":[64],"do":[66],"type-check.":[67],"Our":[68,80],"two-fold":[69],"goal":[70],"improve":[73],"while":[76],"simplifying":[77],"compiler":[78],"construction.":[79],"primary":[81],"implementation":[82],"evaluation":[84],"Caml,":[87],"language":[89],"with":[90],"full":[91],"inference.":[93],"We":[94],"also":[95],"present":[96],"prototype":[98],"C++":[100],"template":[101],"functions,":[102],"where":[103],"instantiation":[105],"implicit.":[107],"A":[108],"key":[109],"extension":[110],"making":[112],"our":[113],"robust":[115],"even":[116],"when":[117],"program":[119],"has":[120],"multiple":[121],"independent":[122],"errors.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
