{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058737869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1247715.1247717","title":"Online supervised spam filter evaluation","display_name":"Online supervised spam filter evaluation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058737869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1247715.1247717","mag":"2058737869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1247715.1247717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1247715.1247717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084091807","display_name":"Gordon V. Cormack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5890-0293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon V. Cormack","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016776505","display_name":"Thomas R. Lynam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas R. Lynam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084091807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.8309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99724363,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.829922080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6549744606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5556654930114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4243367612361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.41624757647514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4107392132282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40836915373802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3925817608833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36966702342033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35335588455200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23295724391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09349727630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0758504569530487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829922080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6549744606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5556654930114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4243367612361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.41624757647514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4107392132282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40836915373802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3925817608833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36966702342033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35335588455200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23295724391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09349727630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0758504569530487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1247715.1247717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1247715.1247717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39304953","https://openalex.org/W49486804","https://openalex.org/W114599062","https://openalex.org/W203990329","https://openalex.org/W1481258775","https://openalex.org/W1493790738","https://openalex.org/W1524761913","https://openalex.org/W1543155826","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W1605925311","https://openalex.org/W1648885110","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1982941892","https://openalex.org/W2048791264","https://openalex.org/W2053565514","https://openalex.org/W2101919228","https://openalex.org/W2107219285","https://openalex.org/W2107555749","https://openalex.org/W2108313281","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2120011452","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2129882004","https://openalex.org/W2153962014","https://openalex.org/W2166490929","https://openalex.org/W2169384781","https://openalex.org/W2171622762","https://openalex.org/W2183761881","https://openalex.org/W2603454388","https://openalex.org/W2794591047","https://openalex.org/W2916045930","https://openalex.org/W2917688635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2357241418","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3170094116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eleven":[0],"variants":[1],"of":[2,15,80,94,100],"six":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5,131],"open-source":[6],"spam":[7,81],"filters":[8,76],"are":[9,65,114],"tested":[10],"on":[11,97],"a":[12,125],"chronological":[13],"sequence":[14],"49086":[16],"e-mail":[17],"messages":[18,105],"received":[19],"by":[20],"an":[21],"individual":[22],"from":[23,32],"August":[24],"2003":[25],"through":[26],"March":[27],"2004.":[28],"Our":[29],"approach":[30],"differs":[31],"those":[33,112],"previously":[34],"reported":[35],"in":[36,124],"that":[37,74,91,104,113],"the":[38,92,98,101],"test":[39],"set":[40],"is":[41,48],"large,":[42],"comprises":[43],"uncensored":[44],"raw":[45],"messages,":[46],"and":[47,59,103],"presented":[49],"to":[50,107,132],"each":[51],"filter":[52],"sequentially":[53],"with":[54,67],"incremental":[55],"feedback.":[56],"Misclassification":[57],"rates":[58],"Receiver":[60],"Operating":[61],"Characteristic":[62],"Curve":[63],"measurements":[64],"reported,":[66],"statistical":[68],"confidence":[69],"intervals.":[70],"Quantitative":[71],"results":[72,89],"indicate":[73,90],"content-based":[75],"can":[77],"eliminate":[78],"98%":[79],"while":[82],"incurring":[83],"0.1%":[84],"legitimate":[85],"email":[86],"loss.":[87],"Qualitative":[88],"risk":[93],"loss":[95],"depends":[96],"nature":[99],"message,":[102],"likely":[106],"be":[108,111],"lost":[109],"may":[110,130],"less":[115],"critical.":[116],"More":[117],"generally,":[118],"our":[119],"methodology":[120],"has":[121],"been":[122],"encapsulated":[123],"free":[126],"software":[127],"toolkit,":[128],"which":[129],"conduct":[133],"similar":[134],"experiments.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}