{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999609203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1244002.1244146","title":"Zoning and metaclasses for character recognition","display_name":"Zoning and metaclasses for character recognition","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999609203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1244002.1244146","mag":"1999609203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1244002.1244146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1244002.1244146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025126119","display_name":"Cinthia Obladen de Almendra Freitas\u200d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cinthia O. de A. Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038884704","display_name":"Luiz S. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-5370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz S. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088593863","display_name":"Simone Bello Kaminski Aires","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-2693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone B. K. Aires","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR-PG)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR-PG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013206485","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025126119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81125341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"632","last_page":"636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoning","display_name":"Zoning","score":0.8991785645484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.818936824798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7519713044166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6891742944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.6226354241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5672639012336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5653001666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5649694204330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49328917264938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.47444212436676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4710526466369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.4639975428581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4418536424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.4184838533401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3257848620414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17219862341880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10710373520851135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520944541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702232","display_name":"Zoning","level":2,"score":0.8991785645484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.818936824798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7519713044166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6891742944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.6226354241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5672639012336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653001666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5649694204330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49328917264938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47444212436676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4710526466369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4639975428581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4418536424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.4184838533401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3257848620414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17219862341880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10710373520851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1244002.1244146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1244002.1244146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575739010","https://openalex.org/W1916578673","https://openalex.org/W1973605359","https://openalex.org/W1977304445","https://openalex.org/W2108443914","https://openalex.org/W2109663225","https://openalex.org/W2115629999","https://openalex.org/W2144008806","https://openalex.org/W2147122038","https://openalex.org/W2149803546","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2165313956","https://openalex.org/W2182044576","https://openalex.org/W2546095991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090152127","https://openalex.org/W1965169884","https://openalex.org/W3125580510","https://openalex.org/W2008939113","https://openalex.org/W2033213447","https://openalex.org/W14679004","https://openalex.org/W1566651525","https://openalex.org/W2977652649","https://openalex.org/W2318206461","https://openalex.org/W37157938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,80,96],"contribution":[1,82],"of":[2,12,49,67,92,125,131],"this":[3,34,65],"paper":[4],"is":[5,83,99],"twofold.":[6],"First":[7],"we":[8,120],"investigate":[9],"the":[10,13,46,50,90,102,105,114,123,129,132],"use":[11,124],"confusion":[14,115],"matrices":[15],"in":[16,33],"order":[17],"to":[18,22,76,86],"get":[19],"some":[20],"insight":[21],"better":[23],"define":[24,87],"perceptual":[25,55],"zoning":[26,56,68],"for":[27,89],"character":[28,94],"recognition.":[29,95],"features":[31],"considered":[32,71],"work":[35],"are":[36,42,60],"based":[37,100],"on":[38,101],"concavities/convexities":[39],"deficiencies,":[40],"which":[41],"obtained":[43],"by":[44],"labeling":[45],"background":[47],"pixels":[48],"input":[51],"image.":[52],"Four":[53],"different":[54],"(symmetrical":[57],"and":[58,107],"non-symmetrical)":[59],"discussed.":[61],"Experiments":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64,122],"mechanism":[66],"could":[69],"be":[70],"as":[72],"a":[73,84],"reasonable":[74],"alternative":[75],"exhaustive":[77],"search":[78],"algorithms.":[79],"second":[81],"methodology":[85],"metaclasses":[88,126],"problem":[91],"handwritten":[93],"proposed":[97],"approach":[98],"disagreement":[103],"among":[104],"characters":[106],"it":[108],"uses":[109],"Euclidean":[110],"distance":[111],"computed":[112],"between":[113],"matrices.":[116],"Through":[117],"comprehensive":[118],"experiments":[119],"demonstrate":[121],"can":[127],"improve":[128],"performance":[130],"system.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}