{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109648405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242690","title":"Optimal audio-visual representations for illiterate users of computers","display_name":"Optimal audio-visual representations for illiterate users of computers","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109648405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242690","mag":"2109648405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242572.1242690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091725888","display_name":"Indrani Medhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Indrani Medhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076592260","display_name":"Archana Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-1240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archana Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032452724","display_name":"Kentaro Toyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-2255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Toyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091725888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91003813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"873","last_page":"882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7838770151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7361522912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5349916815757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5092347860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4871756434440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.43642759323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3699054718017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3499402701854706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7838770151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7361522912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5349916815757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5092347860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4871756434440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.43642759323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3699054718017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3499402701854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242572.1242690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5874307","https://openalex.org/W135376242","https://openalex.org/W194264495","https://openalex.org/W1480849066","https://openalex.org/W1488488523","https://openalex.org/W1515636688","https://openalex.org/W1517290107","https://openalex.org/W1520944543","https://openalex.org/W1563512969","https://openalex.org/W1569637777","https://openalex.org/W1985742524","https://openalex.org/W1989016101","https://openalex.org/W1991042551","https://openalex.org/W1995209601","https://openalex.org/W1997733547","https://openalex.org/W2005202834","https://openalex.org/W2007697675","https://openalex.org/W2022915591","https://openalex.org/W2024120530","https://openalex.org/W2025911779","https://openalex.org/W2030325274","https://openalex.org/W2040441451","https://openalex.org/W2044685195","https://openalex.org/W2048836778","https://openalex.org/W2059075385","https://openalex.org/W2064859510","https://openalex.org/W2073892967","https://openalex.org/W2078654642","https://openalex.org/W2081507667","https://openalex.org/W2082433492","https://openalex.org/W2082664493","https://openalex.org/W2104914504","https://openalex.org/W2108075477","https://openalex.org/W2111139064","https://openalex.org/W2118029778","https://openalex.org/W2120109170","https://openalex.org/W2125482288","https://openalex.org/W2128740872","https://openalex.org/W2131657873","https://openalex.org/W2160759300","https://openalex.org/W2178985861","https://openalex.org/W2639421075","https://openalex.org/W3126577896","https://openalex.org/W3169940670","https://openalex.org/W4245761097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2251519152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,86],"present":[1],"research":[2],"leading":[3],"toward":[4],"an":[5,83],"understanding":[6],"of":[7,20,33,43,93],"the":[8,31,54,94,107],"optimal":[9],"audio-visual":[10],"representation":[11,50,79],"for":[12,15,82,90],"illustrating":[13],"concepts":[14],"illiterate":[16,40,84],"and":[17,63,67],"semi-literate":[18],"users":[19],"computers.":[21],"In":[22],"our":[23,28],"user":[24],"study,":[25],"which":[26],"to":[27,38,74],"knowledge":[29],"is":[30],"first":[32],"its":[34],"kind,":[35],"we":[36],"presented":[37],"200":[39],"subjects":[41],"each":[42,65,92],"13":[44],"different":[45],"health":[46],"symptoms":[47],"in":[48,97],"one":[49,103],"randomly":[51],"selected":[52],"among":[53],"following":[55],"ten:":[56],"text,":[57],"static":[58],"drawings,":[59],"staticphotographs,":[60],"hand-drawn":[61],"animations,":[62],"video,":[64],"with":[66],"without":[68],"voice":[69],"annotation.":[70],"The":[71],"goal":[72],"was":[73],"see":[75],"how":[76],"comprehensible":[77],"these":[78],"types":[80],"were":[81],"audience.":[85],"used":[87],"a":[88,98],"methodology":[89],"generating":[91],"representations":[95],"tested":[96],"way":[99],"that":[100],"fairly":[101],"stacks":[102],"representational":[104],"type":[105],"against":[106],"others.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
