{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171920515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242661","title":"A large-scale study of web password habits","display_name":"A large-scale study of web password habits","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171920515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242661","mag":"2171920515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242572.1242661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088040986","display_name":"Dinei Flor\u00eancio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dinei Florencio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059864632","display_name":"Cormac Herley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-5776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cormac Herley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088040986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":86.9764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1029,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99937999,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"657","last_page":"666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9637205004692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7026940584182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.6047841906547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.5907503962516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.5445948839187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5153452754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49094775319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4750934839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4411940276622772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.35604381561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.32452237606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.24963030219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07767343521118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9637205004692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026940584182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.6047841906547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.5907503962516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.5445948839187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5153452754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49094775319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4750934839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4411940276622772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35604381561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.32452237606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.24963030219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07767343521118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242572.1242661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170643029","https://openalex.org/W1505010935","https://openalex.org/W1506796649","https://openalex.org/W1591095982","https://openalex.org/W1607915502","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2043361728","https://openalex.org/W2100783932","https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W2914982603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W2936467198","https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W78975431","https://openalex.org/W2596869006","https://openalex.org/W2203557291","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2911945468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,85],"report":[1],"the":[2,52,93,109,123,125],"results":[3],"of":[4,9,35,55,60,97,114],"a":[5,19,33],"large":[6,111],"scale":[7,112],"study":[8,16,113],"password":[10,36,91],"use":[11],"andpassword":[12],"re-use":[13],"habits.":[14],"The":[15,106],"involved":[17],"half":[18],"million":[20],"users":[21],"over":[22],"athree":[23],"month":[24],"period.":[25],"A":[26],"client":[27],"component":[28],"on":[29,90],"users'":[30,129],"machines":[31],"recorded":[32],"variety":[34],"strength,":[37,92],"usage":[38],"and":[39,57,79,95,100,117],"frequency":[40],"metrics.":[41],"This":[42],"allows":[43],"us":[44],"to":[45],"measure":[46],"or":[47],"estimate":[48],"such":[49],"quantities":[50],"as":[51],"average":[53,58],"number":[54,59],"passwords":[56,67,74,98,126],"accounts":[61],"each":[62],"user":[63],"has,":[64],"how":[65,72,80,101],"many":[66],"she":[68],"types":[69,94],"per":[70],"day,":[71],"often":[73,81],"are":[75,83],"shared":[76],"among":[77],"sites,":[78],"they":[82,102],"forgotten.":[84],"get":[86],"extremely":[87],"detailed":[88],"data":[89,107],"lengths":[96],"chosen,":[99],"vary":[103],"by":[104],"site.":[105],"is":[108],"first":[110],"its":[115],"kind,":[116],"yields":[118],"numerous":[119],"other":[120],"insights":[121],"into":[122],"role":[124],"play":[127],"in":[128],"online":[130],"experience.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":109},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":64}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}