{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070728033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242073.1242110","title":"Physiological reaction and presence in stressful virtual environments","display_name":"Physiological reaction and presence in stressful virtual environments","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070728033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242073.1242110","mag":"2070728033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242073.1242110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242073.1242110","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054766312","display_name":"Michael Meehan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Meehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Stanford University","University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Stanford University#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Stanford University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053155534","display_name":"Mary C. Whitton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2880-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Whitton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044044375","display_name":"Sharif Razzaque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharif Razzaque","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009949070","display_name":"P. Zimmons","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Zimmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091585736","display_name":"Brent Insko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Insko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055489041","display_name":"Greg Combe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Combe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003177202","display_name":"Benjamin Lok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Lok","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035338532","display_name":"Thorsten Scheuermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Scheuermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114007020","display_name":"Samir Naik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083205088","display_name":"J. Jerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Jerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017195087","display_name":"Mark Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084122955","display_name":"Angus Antley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angus Antley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078247403","display_name":"Frederick P. Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick P. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054766312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66958831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6983388662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5737234354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5449066162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5290923118591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.473875492811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4685894846916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39564260840415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3362607955932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17471423745155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13142696022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09793400764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.0763009786605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06956619024276733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6983388662338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5737234354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5449066162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5290923118591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.473875492811203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4685894846916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39564260840415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3362607955932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17471423745155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13142696022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09793400764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0763009786605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06956619024276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1242073.1242110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1242073.1242110","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95438101","https://openalex.org/W1648978646","https://openalex.org/W2070728033","https://openalex.org/W2242315049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399035783","https://openalex.org/W3161230432","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W4367190712","https://openalex.org/W2168900540","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W1487201914","https://openalex.org/W4301429470","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"common":[1],"metric":[2],"of":[3],"VE":[4,34,56],"quality":[5],"is":[6,30,42,47,64],"presence":[7,41,76],"---":[8],"the":[9,13,20,26,55,68],"degree":[10],"to":[11,25,71,73],"which":[12],"user":[14],"feels":[15],"like":[16],"they":[17],"are":[18],"in":[19,67],"virtual":[21],"scene":[22],"as":[23,70],"opposed":[24],"real":[27],"world.":[28],"Presence":[29],"important":[31],"for":[32],"many":[33],"applications":[35],"[Hodges":[36],"et":[37],"al.":[38],"1994].":[39],"Since":[40],"a":[43],"subjective":[44],"condition,":[45],"it":[46],"most":[48],"commonly":[49],"measured":[50],"by":[51,61],"self-reporting,":[52],"either":[53],"during":[54],"experience":[57],"or":[58],"immediately":[59],"afterwards":[60],"questionnaires.":[62],"There":[63],"vigorous":[65],"debate":[66],"literature":[69],"how":[72],"best":[74],"measure":[75],"[Meehan":[77],"2001].":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
