{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037831800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1241572.1241581","title":"The MCDC paradox","display_name":"The MCDC paradox","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037831800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1241572.1241581","mag":"2037831800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1241572.1241581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1241572.1241581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028576568","display_name":"P. V. Bhansali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. V. Bhansali","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028576568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76415305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13293","display_name":"Engineering and Test Systems","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6446560025215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6383655667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.5756257176399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5439318418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reliability-testing","display_name":"Software reliability testing","score":0.47652825713157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4623353183269501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.44920480251312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42718505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4179670810699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32528525590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.305742084980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2720470428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2367536425590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.1067703366279602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6446560025215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6383655667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.5756257176399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5439318418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52928878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554226","display_name":"Software reliability testing","level":5,"score":0.47652825713157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4623353183269501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.44920480251312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42718505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4179670810699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32528525590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.305742084980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2720470428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2367536425590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.1067703366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1241572.1241581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1241572.1241581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979628654","https://openalex.org/W2020023149","https://openalex.org/W2096662969","https://openalex.org/W2162200351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521772560","https://openalex.org/W4238386252","https://openalex.org/W4303457073","https://openalex.org/W4226182203","https://openalex.org/W234065253","https://openalex.org/W3185885951","https://openalex.org/W111546663","https://openalex.org/W1966392103","https://openalex.org/W2047750899","https://openalex.org/W3088925126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modified":[0],"Condition/Decision":[1],"Coverage":[2],"(MCDC)":[3],"is":[4,24,85,117],"a":[5,36,43,61],"structural":[6],"testing":[7],"strategy":[8],"required":[9,77],"to":[10,35,78,88,98],"verify":[11],"Level":[12,21],"A":[13,22,114],"software":[14,23,27],"used":[15],"in":[16,42,119],"commercial":[17],"aviation.":[18],"In":[19],"DO-178B,":[20],"defined":[25],"as":[26],"whose":[28],"anomalous":[29],"behavior":[30],"would":[31,123,130],"cause":[32],"or":[33],"contribute":[34],"failure":[37,45],"of":[38,66,71,74,95],"system":[39],"function":[40],"resulting":[41],"catastrophic":[44],"condition":[46],"for":[47,134],"the":[48,67,72],"aircraft.":[49],"Paradoxically,":[50],"this":[51,80,83,120],"technique":[52],"does":[53],"not":[54],"detect":[55,125],"common":[56,127],"errors,":[57],"yet":[58],"it":[59],"consumes":[60],"large":[62],"portion":[63],"(approximately":[64],"25%)":[65],"verification":[68],"budget":[69],"because":[70],"number":[73],"test":[75],"cases":[76],"satisfy":[79],"coverage.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"approach":[84,116],"directly":[86],"applicable":[87],"only":[89],"high-level":[90],"languages,":[91],"making":[92],"its":[93],"applicability":[94],"limited":[96],"value":[97],"assembly":[99],"language":[100],"programs":[101],"and":[102,129],"machine-level":[103],"code":[104,112],"which":[105],"could":[106],"have":[107],"been":[108],"generated":[109],"by":[110],"auto":[111],"tools.":[113],"simpler":[115],"suggested":[118],"paper":[121],"that":[122],"better":[124],"these":[126],"errors":[128],"be":[131],"more":[132],"cost-effective":[133],"all":[135],"applications.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
