{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101461675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240702","title":"Exploring and reducing the effects of orientation on text readability in volumetric displays","display_name":"Exploring and reducing the effects of orientation on text readability in volumetric displays","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101461675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240702","mag":"2101461675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1240624.1240702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058485609","display_name":"Tovi Grossman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tovi Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083735800","display_name":"Daniel Wigdor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2008-7070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Wigdor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063443025","display_name":"Ravin Balakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-7680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravin Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058485609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90391328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"483","last_page":"492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.9563531875610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7648372650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.7531057596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.661178469657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5428332090377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4687773287296295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4679414629936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.375749409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06455883383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.064117431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.061373502016067505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9563531875610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648372650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.7531057596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.661178469657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5428332090377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4687773287296295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4679414629936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.375749409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06455883383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.064117431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.061373502016067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1240624.1240702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.137.6249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.137.6249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~ravin/papers/chi2007_volumetrictextorientation.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972683212","https://openalex.org/W1982839353","https://openalex.org/W1989450868","https://openalex.org/W1993608429","https://openalex.org/W2007144424","https://openalex.org/W2007580360","https://openalex.org/W2023207621","https://openalex.org/W2024585795","https://openalex.org/W2039054456","https://openalex.org/W2044116517","https://openalex.org/W2056151540","https://openalex.org/W2072737222","https://openalex.org/W2079638262","https://openalex.org/W2086542492","https://openalex.org/W2099805804","https://openalex.org/W2102773632","https://openalex.org/W2105453942","https://openalex.org/W2125196286","https://openalex.org/W2141341554","https://openalex.org/W2148285547","https://openalex.org/W2154073950","https://openalex.org/W2165084653","https://openalex.org/W7017434469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964661231","https://openalex.org/W3110264473","https://openalex.org/W4254960163","https://openalex.org/W2032810564","https://openalex.org/W2370831213","https://openalex.org/W2972807713","https://openalex.org/W4315704968","https://openalex.org/W2100255360","https://openalex.org/W2076362449","https://openalex.org/W3196817267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Volumetric":[0],"displays,":[1],"which":[2,89],"provide":[3],"a":[4,15,30,65,86,105],"360\u00b0":[5],"view":[6],"of":[7,72],"imagery":[8],"illuminated":[9],"in":[10,25,104],"true":[11],"3D":[12,20,73],"space,":[13],"are":[14],"promising":[16],"platform":[17],"for":[18,53,93],"interactive":[19],"applications.":[21],"However,":[22],"presenting":[23],"text":[24,34,51,76,91],"volumetric":[26],"displays":[27],"can":[28],"be":[29,37],"challenge,":[31],"as":[32,49],"the":[33,40,50,70,80],"may":[35],"not":[36],"oriented":[38],"towards":[39],"user.":[41],"This":[42,96],"is":[43],"especially":[44],"problematic":[45],"with":[46],"multiple":[47,94],"viewers,":[48],"could,":[52],"example,":[54],"appear":[55],"forwards":[56],"to":[57,62],"one":[58],"user,":[59],"and":[60,84],"backwards":[61],"another.":[63],"In":[64],"first":[66],"experiment":[67],"we":[68,82],"determined":[69],"effects":[71],"rotations":[74],"on":[75,79],"readability.":[77],"Based":[78],"results,":[81],"developed":[83],"evaluated":[85],"new":[87],"technique":[88,97],"optimizes":[90],"orientation":[92],"viewers.":[95],"provided":[98],"33%":[99],"faster":[100],"group":[101],"reading":[102],"times":[103],"collaborative":[106],"experimental":[107],"task.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
