{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966078370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240653","title":"Usability of voting systems","display_name":"Usability of voting systems","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966078370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240653","mag":"1966078370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1240624.1240653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240653","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052030178","display_name":"Michael D. Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-9329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073638056","display_name":"Kristen Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-3672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen K. Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065129845","display_name":"Sarah P. Everett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah P. Everett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052030178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96337399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"171","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.9560312032699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot","display_name":"Ballot","score":0.8175461292266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7166998386383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6317920088768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5315138101577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-lab","display_name":"Usability lab","score":0.41743358969688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35989850759506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.259311318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-engineering","display_name":"Usability engineering","score":0.2538646459579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07850152254104614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.9560312032699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.8175461292266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166998386383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6317920088768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5315138101577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11324603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2502322","display_name":"Usability lab","level":4,"score":0.41743358969688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35989850759506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.259311318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.2538646459579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07850152254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1240624.1240653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240653","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W1552242696","https://openalex.org/W1599987487","https://openalex.org/W2037057633","https://openalex.org/W2087271627","https://openalex.org/W2092979576","https://openalex.org/W2097950208","https://openalex.org/W2106595903","https://openalex.org/W2123510989","https://openalex.org/W2124605258","https://openalex.org/W2135420823","https://openalex.org/W2142830857","https://openalex.org/W2148495852","https://openalex.org/W2152294927","https://openalex.org/W2726878604","https://openalex.org/W6678387114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2287483166","https://openalex.org/W2207396743","https://openalex.org/W2378197333","https://openalex.org/W1408949714","https://openalex.org/W1031745939","https://openalex.org/W15383416","https://openalex.org/W4312686479","https://openalex.org/W2122868930","https://openalex.org/W102657989","https://openalex.org/W1964763852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,29,47,57,79,91,96,113],"United":[2],"States,":[3],"computer-based":[4],"voting":[5],"machines":[6],"are":[7],"rapidly":[8],"replacing":[9],"other":[10,97],"older":[11],"technologies.":[12,51],"While":[13],"there":[14,83],"is":[15,33,41],"potential":[16],"for":[17,122],"this":[18],"to":[19,35,42,95,131],"be":[20,132],"a":[21,119],"usability":[22,38,48,58,109],"improvement,":[23],"particularly":[24,133],"in":[25,74],"terms":[26],"of":[27,49,59,67,106],"accessibility,":[28],"only":[30],"way":[31],"it":[32],"possible":[34],"know":[36],"if":[37],"has":[39],"improved":[40],"have":[43],"baseline":[44],"data":[45],"on":[46,87],"traditional":[50],"We":[52],"report":[53],"an":[54,102],"experiment":[55],"assessing":[56],"punch":[60],"cards,":[61],"lever":[62],"machines,":[63],"and":[64,117,139],"two":[65],"forms":[66],"paper":[68,92,124,127],"ballot.":[69],"There":[70],"were":[71,84,129],"no":[72],"differences":[73],"ballot":[75],"completion":[76],"time":[77],"between":[78],"four":[80],"methods,":[81],"but":[82],"substantial":[85],"effects":[86],"error":[88],"rate,":[89],"with":[90,104,112],"ballots":[93,128],"superior":[94],"methods":[98],"as":[99,101],"well":[100],"interaction":[103],"age":[105],"voters.":[107],"Subjective":[108],"was":[110],"assessed":[111],"System":[114],"Usability":[115],"Scale":[116],"showed":[118],"slight":[120],"advantage":[121],"bubble-style":[123],"ballots.":[125],"Overall,":[126],"found":[130],"usable,":[134],"which":[135],"raises":[136],"important":[137],"technological":[138],"policy":[140],"issues.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
