{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001023236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1236181.1236184","title":"Statistical query translation models for cross-language information retrieval","display_name":"Statistical query translation models for cross-language information retrieval","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001023236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1236181.1236184","mag":"2001023236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1236181.1236184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1236181.1236184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56575750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","issn_l":"1530-0226","issn":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114910293","display_name":"Jianfeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018977183","display_name":"Jian\u2010Yun Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Yun Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Montreal","UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montreal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701572","display_name":"Ming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.16,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93538777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"323","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8381184935569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-language-information-retrieval","display_name":"Cross-language information retrieval","score":0.6659566164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6405710577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.6341619491577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.559945285320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5322988033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5222412347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf-query-language","display_name":"RDF query language","score":0.5093870759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5064917802810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.504114031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.43364274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4231893718242645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.41570937633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.3647063970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.33574357628822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.11342445015907288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8381184935569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778842860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986551","display_name":"Cross-language information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.6659566164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6405710577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.6341619491577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.559945285320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5322988033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5222412347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96956885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6138701","display_name":"RDF query language","level":5,"score":0.5093870759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5064917802810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.504114031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.43364274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4231893718242645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41570937633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.3647063970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.33574357628822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.11342445015907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1236181.1236184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1236181.1236184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56575750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","issn_l":"1530-0226","issn":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.69.6640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.69.6640","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/~jfgao/paper/gao_nie_zhou.talip2006.rev.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11171803","https://openalex.org/W38321130","https://openalex.org/W41800150","https://openalex.org/W54534146","https://openalex.org/W79835312","https://openalex.org/W178463821","https://openalex.org/W337053624","https://openalex.org/W1480827513","https://openalex.org/W1498892495","https://openalex.org/W1516111018","https://openalex.org/W1529369248","https://openalex.org/W1578856370","https://openalex.org/W1596452390","https://openalex.org/W1602484930","https://openalex.org/W1623072288","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1665921526","https://openalex.org/W1974967573","https://openalex.org/W1987226608","https://openalex.org/W1990734153","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2008248260","https://openalex.org/W2024181699","https://openalex.org/W2027913861","https://openalex.org/W2044157185","https://openalex.org/W2046927501","https://openalex.org/W2047295649","https://openalex.org/W2061271742","https://openalex.org/W2089379373","https://openalex.org/W2093478938","https://openalex.org/W2097927681","https://openalex.org/W2098921539","https://openalex.org/W2100279283","https://openalex.org/W2110939313","https://openalex.org/W2111989294","https://openalex.org/W2116316001","https://openalex.org/W2116713744","https://openalex.org/W2116957398","https://openalex.org/W2118305464","https://openalex.org/W2119168550","https://openalex.org/W2123489126","https://openalex.org/W2124608705","https://openalex.org/W2125489263","https://openalex.org/W2138928261","https://openalex.org/W2140016149","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2150071570","https://openalex.org/W2152263452","https://openalex.org/W2153800732","https://openalex.org/W2154292298","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2158388102","https://openalex.org/W2159744538","https://openalex.org/W2160382364","https://openalex.org/W2161935199","https://openalex.org/W2162059093","https://openalex.org/W2166776180","https://openalex.org/W2343954916","https://openalex.org/W2432517183","https://openalex.org/W2738174134","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2981264952","https://openalex.org/W2998215494","https://openalex.org/W3003556534","https://openalex.org/W3143835353","https://openalex.org/W4237840503","https://openalex.org/W4253038322","https://openalex.org/W4255198209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2169498276","https://openalex.org/W2146885082","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W1984397732","https://openalex.org/W5304494","https://openalex.org/W1952568433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Query":[0],"translation":[1,17,30,39,50,100,115,133,149,192,205],"is":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,62,67,93,119],"cross-language":[7],"information":[8],"retrieval":[9],"(CLIR),":[10],"which":[11],"aims":[12],"to":[13,169,195],"determine":[14],"the":[15,35,42,46,49,57,63,68,90,94,97,132,143,147,202,214],"best":[16,208],"words":[18,86],"and":[19,74,87,122,152,193],"weights":[20],"for":[21,99],"a":[22,52,80,83,120,127,135,187],"query.":[23,64],"This":[24],"article":[25],"presents":[26],"three":[27,184,215],"statistical":[28],"query":[29,38,53,81,95,191],"models":[31,43,105,185],"that":[32,45,131,164,182],"focus":[33],"on":[34,56,139,177,190],"resolution":[36],"of":[37,48,51,59,85,134,175,198],"ambiguities.":[40],"All":[41],"assume":[44],"selection":[47],"term":[54,136],"depends":[55,138],"translations":[58],"other":[60,91,103,140],"terms":[61,92,141],"They":[65],"differ":[66],"way":[69],"linguistic":[70,107,165],"structures":[71,166],"are":[72,210],"detected":[73],"exploited.":[75],"The":[76,102,111,161,173,207],"co-occurrence":[77],"model":[78,116,150],"treats":[79],"as":[82,96,126,157,159],"bag":[84],"uses":[88],"all":[89,183],"context":[98],"disambiguation.":[101],"two":[104],"exploit":[106],"dependencies":[108],"among":[109],"terms.":[110],"noun":[112],"phrase":[113],"(NP)":[114],"detects":[117,151],"NPs":[118],"query,":[121],"translates":[123,153],"each":[124],"NP":[125],"unit":[128],"by":[129,212],"assuming":[130],"only":[137],"within":[142],"same":[144],"NP.":[145],"Similarly,":[146],"dependency":[148,154],"triples,":[155],"such":[156],"verb-object,":[158],"units.":[160],"evaluations":[162],"show":[163,181],"always":[167],"lead":[168,194],"more":[170],"precise":[171],"translations.":[172],"experiments":[174],"CLIR":[176,199],"TREC":[178],"Chinese":[179],"collections":[180],"have":[186],"positive":[188],"impact":[189],"significant":[196],"improvements":[197],"performance":[200],"over":[201],"simple":[203],"dictionary-based":[204],"method.":[206],"results":[209],"obtained":[211],"combining":[213],"models.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
