{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103373866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1233341.1233345","title":"Second-order illumination in real-time (student paper)","display_name":"Second-order illumination in real-time (student paper)","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103373866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1233341.1233345","mag":"2103373866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1233341.1233345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1233341.1233345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th annual southeast regional conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004372091","display_name":"R. G. Cochran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Cochran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039213990","display_name":"Jay Steele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12809794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8017386198043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.7543704509735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7496299743652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7239937782287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.608243465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5511819124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.5469987988471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5340574979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5265073180198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-modeling-and-rendering","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","score":0.4999961853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-lighting","display_name":"Image-based lighting","score":0.48707035183906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4734570384025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.4715452492237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4532027840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.44375860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.4436192512512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3711014688014984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14963436126708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8017386198043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.7543704509735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7496299743652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7239937782287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.608243465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5511819124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.5469987988471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5340574979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5265073180198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.4999961853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204060014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002069","display_name":"Image-based lighting","level":4,"score":0.48707035183906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4734570384025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.4715452492237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4532027840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44375860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.4436192512512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3711014688014984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14963436126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1233341.1233345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1233341.1233345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th annual southeast regional conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535835519","https://openalex.org/W1557650277","https://openalex.org/W1966701964","https://openalex.org/W2000861327","https://openalex.org/W2022552637","https://openalex.org/W2087022741","https://openalex.org/W2146903434","https://openalex.org/W2153577057","https://openalex.org/W2221292738","https://openalex.org/W2912424718","https://openalex.org/W6631842014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312704232","https://openalex.org/W2367406109","https://openalex.org/W28365449","https://openalex.org/W2116247118","https://openalex.org/W2002777135","https://openalex.org/W1817749143","https://openalex.org/W2022552637","https://openalex.org/W2280611243","https://openalex.org/W2134550530","https://openalex.org/W2067910689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"simple":[4],"and":[5,24],"efficient":[6],"algorithm":[7],"for":[8,35,95],"achieving":[9],"real-time":[10],"performance":[11],"on":[12],"current":[13],"consumer":[14],"graphics":[15],"hardware":[16],"when":[17],"rendering":[18],"complex,":[19],"dynamic":[20],"scenes":[21],"with":[22],"direct":[23],"secondorder":[25],"diffuse":[26,46,65],"(indirect)":[27],"illumination.":[28],"An":[29],"image":[30,68,82],"space,":[31],"low-discrepancy":[32],"sampling":[33],"technique":[34,73],"positioning":[36],"point":[37,42,56,90],"lights":[38,43,57,91],"is":[39,74],"presented.":[40],"These":[41],"simulate":[44],"second-order":[45,64],"illumination":[47,66,87],"throughout":[48],"the":[49,86,100],"scene.":[50,101],"A":[51],"novel":[52],"use":[53],"of":[54,61,63,88,99],"negative":[55],"allows":[58],"fast":[59],"approximation":[60],"occlusion":[62],"in":[67],"space.":[69],"Finally,":[70],"an":[71],"optimization":[72],"provided":[75],"that":[76],"improves":[77],"frame":[78],"rates":[79],"while":[80],"maintaining":[81],"quality":[83],"by":[84],"approximating":[85],"all":[89],"at":[92],"lower":[93],"resolutions":[94],"less":[96],"detailed":[97],"areas":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}