{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994473607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232727","title":"The dynamics of viral marketing","display_name":"The dynamics of viral marketing","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994473607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232727","mag":"1994473607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1232722.1232727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091272738","display_name":"Jure Leskovec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-923X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jure Leskovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pa","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047847314","display_name":"Lada A. Adamic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lada A. Adamic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan","(University of Michigan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114406750","display_name":"Bernardo A. Huberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo A. Huberman","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Labs","HP Labs,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091272738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.7132,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2064,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99899403,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-marketing","display_name":"Viral marketing","score":0.8851507902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.8327817320823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6751434803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.6270702481269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.44589710235595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.43051791191101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42792075872421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33031022548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.31350845098495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15265044569969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10945504903793335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187008535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204255","display_name":"Viral marketing","level":3,"score":0.8851507902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.8327817320823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751434803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6270702481269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.44589710235595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.43051791191101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42792075872421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33031022548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.31350845098495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15265044569969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10945504903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1232722.1232727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232722.1232727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:physics/0509039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0509039","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.261.7285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.261.7285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509039v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.262.5787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.262.5787","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509039v2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.59.9031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.59.9031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jure/pubs/viral-market.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:882413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/882413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765065519","display_name":"CERN Bulletin","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327876864","host_organization_name":"CERN Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327876864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CERN Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:physics/0509039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0509039","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0509039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631313543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","funder_display_name":"Microsoft Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681146981","display_name":"ITR Collaborative Research: Indexing, Retrieval, and Use of Large Motion Databases","funder_award_id":"0326322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G695767982","display_name":"SENSORS:    Placement and Operation of an Environmental Sensor Network to Facilitate Decision Making Regarding Drinking Water Quality and Security","funder_award_id":"0329549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7849225389","display_name":"Finding Patterns and Anomalies in Large Time-Evolving Graphs","funder_award_id":"0534205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994473607.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994473607.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114870970","https://openalex.org/W194116290","https://openalex.org/W618024573","https://openalex.org/W1495750374","https://openalex.org/W1606697907","https://openalex.org/W1656132379","https://openalex.org/W1795922904","https://openalex.org/W1935158432","https://openalex.org/W1970874697","https://openalex.org/W1971526329","https://openalex.org/W1987090924","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W1991275806","https://openalex.org/W1991442303","https://openalex.org/W2008345063","https://openalex.org/W2021314079","https://openalex.org/W2038195874","https://openalex.org/W2041157860","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2050669421","https://openalex.org/W2056609785","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2075866536","https://openalex.org/W2090513801","https://openalex.org/W2105535951","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2113889316","https://openalex.org/W2114696370","https://openalex.org/W2130067743","https://openalex.org/W2130863673","https://openalex.org/W2130989712","https://openalex.org/W2138899136","https://openalex.org/W2142857211","https://openalex.org/W2151062063","https://openalex.org/W2154454189","https://openalex.org/W2159094788","https://openalex.org/W2169090121","https://openalex.org/W2525280888","https://openalex.org/W2605968929","https://openalex.org/W2795857897","https://openalex.org/W3099386891","https://openalex.org/W3123091093","https://openalex.org/W3124392856","https://openalex.org/W3142570770","https://openalex.org/W4252678302","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6648159388","https://openalex.org/W6736783230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968064866","https://openalex.org/W2913870229","https://openalex.org/W2009647787","https://openalex.org/W2770232349","https://openalex.org/W2993833576","https://openalex.org/W810849147","https://openalex.org/W181064621","https://openalex.org/W2776877297","https://openalex.org/W1506013591","https://openalex.org/W2883816437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,42,73],"present":[1,116],"an":[2],"analysis":[3],"of":[4,10,28,66,90,95],"a":[5,21,38,53,59,63,117],"person-to-person":[6],"recommendation":[7,54,77],"network,":[8],"consisting":[9],"4":[11],"million":[12,17,22],"people":[13],"who":[14],"made":[15],"16":[16],"recommendations":[18,29,101],"on":[19,99],"half":[20],"products.":[23],"observe":[25],"the":[26,31,76,88,91,96],"propagation":[27],"and":[30,82,93,109,124],"cascade":[32],"sizes,":[33],"which":[34,128],"we":[35,115],"explain":[36],"by":[37,52],"simple":[39],"stochastic":[40],"model.":[41],"analyze":[43],"how":[44,75,83],"user":[45,49],"behavior":[46],"varies":[47],"within":[48],"communities":[50],"defined":[51],"network.":[55],"Product":[56],"purchases":[57,67,108],"follow":[58],"\u2018long":[60],"tail\u2019":[61],"where":[62],"significant":[64],"share":[65],"belongs":[68],"to":[69,132],"rarely":[70],"sold":[71],"items.":[72],"establish":[74],"network":[78],"grows":[79],"over":[80],"time":[81],"effective":[84,105],"it":[85],"is":[86],"from":[87],"viewpoint":[89],"sender":[92],"receiver":[94],"recommendations.":[97],"While":[98],"average":[100],"are":[102],"not":[103,111],"very":[104,113,134],"at":[106],"inducing":[107],"do":[110],"spread":[112],"far,":[114],"model":[118],"that":[119],"successfully":[120],"identifies":[121],"communities,":[122],"product,":[123],"pricing":[125],"categories":[126],"for":[127],"viral":[129],"marketing":[130],"seems":[131],"be":[133],"effective.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":156},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":156},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":177},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":182},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":148}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}