{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124377830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232420.1232423","title":"Saturn","display_name":"Saturn","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124377830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232420.1232423","mag":"2124377830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1232420.1232423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232420.1232423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1232420.1232423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1232420.1232423","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046598816","display_name":"Yichen Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-5979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087402475","display_name":"Alex Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Aiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046598816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8438,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99502288,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"16","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8853282928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heap","display_name":"Heap (data structure)","score":0.8528069853782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5694526433944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5227910876274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4985616207122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.4944009780883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.4778415858745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46399232745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42337608337402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.4149453938007355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3794509172439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3237086534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12714406847953796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8853282928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134757568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274089","display_name":"Heap (data structure)","level":2,"score":0.8528069853782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5694526433944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5227910876274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4985616207122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.4944009780883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.4778415858745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46399232745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42337608337402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.4149453938007355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3794509172439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3237086534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12714406847953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1232420.1232423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232420.1232423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1232420.1232423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1232420.1232423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1232420.1232423","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1232420.1232423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6315132952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"123456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124377830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124377830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65629371","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1492018576","https://openalex.org/W1579435874","https://openalex.org/W1596552075","https://openalex.org/W1720848645","https://openalex.org/W1969610731","https://openalex.org/W2007181618","https://openalex.org/W2043876870","https://openalex.org/W2050320220","https://openalex.org/W2066859698","https://openalex.org/W2077850509","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2082827821","https://openalex.org/W2084974764","https://openalex.org/W2087612811","https://openalex.org/W2089139117","https://openalex.org/W2096307462","https://openalex.org/W2102674270","https://openalex.org/W2103714221","https://openalex.org/W2105357036","https://openalex.org/W2106972913","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2138369269","https://openalex.org/W2138378640","https://openalex.org/W2142785340","https://openalex.org/W2151360539","https://openalex.org/W2156268601","https://openalex.org/W2164392635","https://openalex.org/W2171999426","https://openalex.org/W2295903414","https://openalex.org/W2463469442","https://openalex.org/W2914074464","https://openalex.org/W4214630400","https://openalex.org/W4242472899","https://openalex.org/W4244800399","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019530272","https://openalex.org/W1578255156","https://openalex.org/W4299986738","https://openalex.org/W2479720249","https://openalex.org/W1552130108","https://openalex.org/W4293570236","https://openalex.org/W4232849533","https://openalex.org/W2101101130","https://openalex.org/W2996462315","https://openalex.org/W2883069340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"Saturn,":[3],"a":[4,81,100,125,130],"general":[5],"framework":[6],"for":[7,54,93],"building":[8],"precise":[9,29],"and":[10,25,35,38,72,75,129,146],"scalable":[11],"static":[12,156],"error":[13,157],"detection":[14,158],"systems.":[15,159],"Saturn":[16],"exploits":[17],"recent":[18],"advances":[19],"in":[20,85,103],"Boolean":[21,65,108],"satisfiability":[22],"(SAT)":[23],"solvers":[24],"is":[26,43],"path":[27],"sensitive,":[28],"down":[30],"to":[31,110],"the":[32,61,64,69,76,86,104,107,136],"bit":[33],"level,":[34],"models":[36],"pointers":[37],"heap":[39,77],"data.":[40],"Our":[41],"approach":[42,118],"also":[44],"highly":[45],"scalable,":[46],"which":[47],"we":[48],"achieve":[49],"using":[50],"two":[51,121],"techniques.":[52],"First,":[53],"each":[55,94],"program":[56],"function,":[57,95],"several":[58],"optimizations":[59],"compress":[60],"size":[62,105],"of":[63,88,106],"formulas":[66],"that":[67,139],"model":[68],"control":[70],"flow":[71,74],"data":[73],"locations":[78],"accessed":[79],"by":[80,119],"function.":[82],"Second,":[83],"summaries":[84],"spirit":[87],"type":[89],"signatures":[90],"are":[91],"computed":[92],"allowing":[96],"interprocedural":[97],"analysis":[98],"without":[99],"dramatic":[101],"increase":[102],"constraints":[109],"be":[111],"solved.":[112],"We":[113],"have":[114],"experimentally":[115],"validated":[116],"our":[117,140],"conducting":[120],"case":[122],"studies":[123],"involving":[124],"Linux":[126],"lock":[127],"checker":[128],"memory":[131],"leak":[132],"checker.":[133],"Results":[134],"from":[135],"experiments":[137],"show":[138],"system":[141],"scales":[142],"well,":[143,145],"parallelizes":[144],"finds":[147],"more":[148],"errors":[149],"with":[150],"fewer":[151],"false":[152],"positives":[153],"than":[154],"previous":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
