{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166305034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1227310.1227482","title":"Threshold concepts in computer science","display_name":"Threshold concepts in computer science","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166305034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1227310.1227482","mag":"2166305034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1227310.1227482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1227310.1227482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085877835","display_name":"Jonas Boustedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141702","display_name":"University of G\u00e4vle","ror":"https://ror.org/043fje207","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Boustedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["H\u00f6gskolan i G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H\u00f6gskolan i G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090352832","display_name":"Anna Eckerdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Eckerdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002453469","display_name":"Robert McCartney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-2626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert McCartney","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011294347","display_name":"Jan Erik Mostr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8171-0499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Erik Mostr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087051264","display_name":"Mark B. Ratcliffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2460-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Ratcliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033045269","display_name":"Kate Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53118340","display_name":"Rhode Island College","ror":"https://ror.org/01k5gt570","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhode Island College, Providence, RI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhode Island College, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53118340","https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000723405","display_name":"Carol Zander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8105-9373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138624","display_name":"University of Washington Bothell","ror":"https://ror.org/02ygzhr13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Zander","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Bothell, Bothell, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Bothell, Bothell, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085877835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141702"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98616011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"504","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7291221618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5856557488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5190297365188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.467939555644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3495357632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3066144287586212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15988612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09500041604042053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7291221618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5856557488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5190297365188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.467939555644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3495357632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3066144287586212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15988612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09500041604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1227310.1227482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1227310.1227482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77356501","https://openalex.org/W207823173","https://openalex.org/W1489226807","https://openalex.org/W1572829936","https://openalex.org/W1875786826","https://openalex.org/W2027678129","https://openalex.org/W2065929075","https://openalex.org/W2072481707","https://openalex.org/W2083490291","https://openalex.org/W2127773115","https://openalex.org/W2132728204","https://openalex.org/W2138639010","https://openalex.org/W2158081248","https://openalex.org/W2181889316","https://openalex.org/W2204198239","https://openalex.org/W2798239083","https://openalex.org/W3089283869","https://openalex.org/W4230824919","https://openalex.org/W4239169918","https://openalex.org/W4248642291","https://openalex.org/W6603137382","https://openalex.org/W6608424756","https://openalex.org/W6639481168","https://openalex.org/W6679883200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W2410591377","https://openalex.org/W2323113755","https://openalex.org/W2104953402","https://openalex.org/W2506793457","https://openalex.org/W2359476398","https://openalex.org/W2356645659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yes,":[0],"and":[1,20,34,38,56],"Yes.We":[2],"are":[3,41],"currently":[4],"undertaking":[5],"an":[6],"pirical":[7,26],"investigation":[8],"of":[9],"\"Threshold":[10],"Concepts\"":[11],"in":[12],"Computer":[13],"Science,":[14],"with":[15],"input":[16],"from":[17],"both":[18],"instructors":[19],"students.":[21],"We":[22],"have":[23],"found":[24],"good":[25],"evidence":[27],"that":[28,39],"at":[29],"least":[30],"two":[31],"concepts---Object-oriented":[32],"programming":[33],"pointers--are":[35],"Threshold":[36,59],"Concepts,":[37],"there":[40],"potentially":[42],"many":[43],"more":[44],"others.In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"present":[49],"results":[50],"gathered":[51],"using":[52],"various":[53],"experimental":[54],"techniques,":[55],"discuss":[57],"how":[58],"Concepts":[60],"can":[61],"affect":[62],"the":[63],"learning":[64],"process.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}