{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059706055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1216919.1216928","title":"A 1000-word vocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous live-mode speech recognizer implemented in a single FPGA","display_name":"A 1000-word vocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous live-mode speech recognizer implemented in a single FPGA","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059706055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1216919.1216928","mag":"2059706055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1216919.1216928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1216919.1216928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002012113","display_name":"Edward Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward C. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032611571","display_name":"Kai Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008408555","display_name":"Rob A. Rutenbar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob A. Rutenbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000454484","display_name":"Tsuhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsuhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002012113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97781529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"60","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8582402467727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6324459910392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5574862957000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5405262112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5402900576591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5027632713317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.26543620228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11551487445831299}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8582402467727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6324459910392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5574862957000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5405262112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5402900576591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5027632713317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.26543620228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11551487445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1216919.1216928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1216919.1216928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/146269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/146269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34424915","https://openalex.org/W56071945","https://openalex.org/W1578856370","https://openalex.org/W1968286105","https://openalex.org/W1978507093","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W2003333103","https://openalex.org/W2010536043","https://openalex.org/W2032094184","https://openalex.org/W2101328377","https://openalex.org/W2134167326","https://openalex.org/W2138547388","https://openalex.org/W2165356296","https://openalex.org/W2473996932","https://openalex.org/W3148186152","https://openalex.org/W6720437123","https://openalex.org/W6793064978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995926156","https://openalex.org/W2360025963","https://openalex.org/W2388618054","https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W2063534976","https://openalex.org/W2352296208","https://openalex.org/W1963734729","https://openalex.org/W2126560900","https://openalex.org/W2101346879","https://openalex.org/W2117523216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,77,126],"Carnegie":[1],"Mellon":[2],"In":[3],"Silico":[4],"Vox":[5],"project":[6],"seeks":[7],"to":[8,45,122],"move":[9],"best-quality":[10],"speech":[11,103],"recognition":[12,97],"technology":[13],"from":[14],"its":[15],"current":[16],"software-only":[17],"form":[18],"into":[19],"a":[20,48,53,66,72,80,92,123,143],"range":[21],"of":[22,65,109,145],"efficient":[23],"all-hardware":[24],"implementations.":[25],"central":[27],"thesis":[28],"is":[29,36,84,91,113,128],"that,":[30],"like":[31],"graphics":[32],"chips,":[33],"the":[34,61,107,114,133,146],"application":[35],"simply":[37],"too":[38,42],"performance":[39],"hungry,":[40],"and":[41,63,90,131],"power":[43],"sensitive,":[44],"stay":[46],"as":[47,100,102,136],"large":[49],"software":[50,138],"application.":[51],"As":[52],"first":[54],"step":[55],"in":[56],"this":[57,112],"direction,":[58],"we":[59],"describe":[60],"design":[62,78],"implementation":[64,127],"fully":[67,120],"functional":[68],"speech-to-text":[69],"recognizer":[70,117],"on":[71],"single":[73],"Xilinx":[74],"XUP":[75],"platform.":[76],"recognizes":[79,86],"1000":[81],"word":[82],"vocabulary,":[83],"speaker-independent,":[85],"continuous":[87],"(connected)":[88],"speech,":[89],"\"live":[93],"mode\"":[94],"engine,":[95],"wherein":[96],"can":[98],"start":[99],"soon":[101],"input":[104],"appears.":[105],"To":[106],"best":[108],"our":[110],"knowledge,":[111],"most":[115],"complex":[116],"architecture":[118],"ever":[119],"committed":[121],"hardware-only":[124],"form.":[125],"extraordinarily":[129],"small,":[130],"achieves":[132],"same":[134],"accuracy":[135],"state-of-the-art":[137],"recognizers,":[139],"while":[140],"running":[141],"at":[142],"fraction":[144],"clock":[147],"speed.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
