{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117236520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198798","title":"Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware","display_name":"Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117236520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198798","mag":"2117236520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1198555.1198798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '05","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086727820","display_name":"Timothy J. Purcell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Purcell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020493351","display_name":"Ian Buck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Buck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109394409","display_name":"William R. Mark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University","Stanford University and NVIDIA Corporation#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University and NVIDIA Corporation#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018111215","display_name":"Pat Hanrahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Hanrahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086727820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":72.5111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":508,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99963853,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"268","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.9032840728759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8355995416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7826945781707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-hardware","display_name":"Graphics hardware","score":0.7627888917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.6166216135025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-rendering","display_name":"Software rendering","score":0.606732189655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6019825339317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5641310811042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.516288697719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.4766864776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.46148625016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shader","display_name":"Shader","score":0.45139995217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiled-rendering","display_name":"Tiled rendering","score":0.4471471905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.44003283977508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.4300358295440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3784734606742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.2507615387439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.109529048204422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07850104570388794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.9032840728759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8355995416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7826945781707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18945957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597193","display_name":"Graphics hardware","level":3,"score":0.7627888917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.6166216135025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.606732189655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6019825339317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5641310811042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.516288697719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.4766864776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.46148625016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177681979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633182","display_name":"Shader","level":3,"score":0.45139995217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7802119","display_name":"Tiled rendering","level":5,"score":0.4471471905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.44003283977508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.4300358295440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3784734606742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.2507615387439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.109529048204422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07850104570388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1198555.1198798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '05","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.16.8345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.8345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/rtongfx/rtongfx.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.581.6637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.581.6637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://kucg.korea.ac.kr/seminar/2003/src/pa-03-23.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500953784","https://openalex.org/W1532701078","https://openalex.org/W1538771904","https://openalex.org/W1982661771","https://openalex.org/W1983836604","https://openalex.org/W1989226764","https://openalex.org/W2034022044","https://openalex.org/W2034227610","https://openalex.org/W2050527239","https://openalex.org/W2081040934","https://openalex.org/W2087736751","https://openalex.org/W2098565486","https://openalex.org/W2098698627","https://openalex.org/W2118688057","https://openalex.org/W2126053368","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2148707890","https://openalex.org/W2152365613","https://openalex.org/W2155009756","https://openalex.org/W2173925477","https://openalex.org/W3000740982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403188927","https://openalex.org/W2737125819","https://openalex.org/W2752312465","https://openalex.org/W1500707115","https://openalex.org/W2100978696","https://openalex.org/W1562491083","https://openalex.org/W1989566930","https://openalex.org/W4241730892","https://openalex.org/W1981176562","https://openalex.org/W2117236520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"a":[1,32,76,98],"breakthrough":[2],"has":[3],"occurred":[4],"in":[5,51],"graphics":[6,25,55,66,84,138],"hardware:":[7],"fixed":[8],"function":[9],"pipelines":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12],"replaced":[13],"with":[14,153],"programmable":[15,34,83,95],"vertex":[16],"and":[17,57,101,127],"fragment":[18],"processors.":[19],"In":[20,86],"the":[21,24,54,73,90],"near":[22],"future,":[23],"pipeline":[26,56],"is":[27,113],"likely":[28],"to":[29,65,115,142],"evolve":[30],"into":[31],"general":[33],"stream":[35],"processor":[36],"capable":[37],"of":[38,53,75],"more":[39],"than":[40,145],"simply":[41],"feed-forward":[42,157],"triangle":[43,158],"rendering.In":[44],"this":[45,111],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,71,88,132],"evaluate":[48],"these":[49],"trends":[50],"programmability":[52],"explain":[58],"how":[59,110],"ray":[60,77,117,123,135],"tracing":[61,118,136],"can":[62],"be":[63,143],"mapped":[64],"hardware.":[67,85],"Using":[68],"our":[69],"simulator,":[70],"analyze":[72],"performance":[74,91],"casting":[78],"implementation":[79,100],"on":[80,137],"next":[81],"generation":[82],"addition,":[87],"compare":[89],"difference":[92],"between":[93],"non-branching":[94],"hardware":[96,139,155],"using":[97],"multipass":[99],"an":[102],"architecture":[103],"that":[104,134],"supports":[105],"branching.":[106],"We":[107],"also":[108],"show":[109],"approach":[112],"applicable":[114],"other":[116],"algorithms":[119],"such":[120],"as":[121,149,151],"Whitted":[122],"tracing,":[124,126],"path":[125],"hybrid":[128],"rendering":[129],"algorithms.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"demonstrate":[133],"could":[140],"prove":[141],"faster":[144],"CPU":[146],"based":[147],"implementations":[148],"well":[150],"competitive":[152],"traditional":[154],"accelerated":[156],"rendering.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
