{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041431621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188505","title":"Gordon Bell finalists II---$158/GFLOPS astrophysical N-body simulation with reconfigurable add-in card and hierarchical tree algorithm","display_name":"Gordon Bell finalists II---$158/GFLOPS astrophysical N-body simulation with reconfigurable add-in card and hierarchical tree algorithm","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041431621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188505","mag":"2041431621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1188455.1188505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing  - SC '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113510349","display_name":"Atsushi Kawai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185365093","display_name":"Saitama Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pkeax38","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185365093"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Kawai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saitama Institue of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saitama Institue of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185365093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080132620","display_name":"Toshiyuki Fukushige","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Fukushige","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo","university of Tokyo;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Tokyo;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113510349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185365093"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81813595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.8836598992347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6624090671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5848163366317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5606397986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5475299954414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5055968761444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-pci","display_name":"Conventional PCI","score":0.45568111538887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traverse","display_name":"Traverse","score":0.43904775381088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.42057913541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3474929928779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21822437644004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18369340896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08553722500801086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.8836598992347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6624090671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5848163366317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5606397986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5475299954414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5055968761444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45393284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191012","display_name":"Conventional PCI","level":3,"score":0.45568111538887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.43904775381088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42057913541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3474929928779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21822437644004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18369340896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08553722500801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1188455.1188505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing  - SC '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644459459","https://openalex.org/W2000621749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377402383","https://openalex.org/W2380835401","https://openalex.org/W2381912691","https://openalex.org/W2350381577","https://openalex.org/W2353618196","https://openalex.org/W2348074676","https://openalex.org/W2385033175","https://openalex.org/W2374043190","https://openalex.org/W2363298784","https://openalex.org/W2367402697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,12],"entry":[2],"for":[3,64],"the":[4,82,137],"2006":[5],"Gordon":[6,139],"Bell":[7,140],"price/performance":[8],"prize,":[9],"we":[10,58,88],"report":[11],"astrophysical":[13],"N-body":[14,92],"simulation":[15,93],"performed":[16,80,89],"with":[17,94],"reconfigurable":[18,37,49],"computing":[19],"systems":[20,29],"and":[21,35,76],"a":[22,32,36,90,100],"hierarchical":[23],"tree":[24,72,74],"algorithm.":[25],"Each":[26],"of":[27,31,102,111],"our":[28,86,112],"consists":[30],"host":[33,83],"PC":[34],"add-in":[38,50],"card":[39,51],"attached":[40],"via":[41],"high-speed":[42],"interface,":[43],"PCI":[44],"Express":[45],"or":[46],"PCI-X.":[47],"The":[48,109],"houses":[52],"one":[53],"FPGA":[54],"chip,":[55],"into":[56],"which":[57,98,125],"integrated":[59],"16":[60],"pipeline":[61],"processors":[62],"specialized":[63],"gravitational":[65],"force":[66],"calculation.":[67],"Other":[68],"operations,":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"construction,":[73],"traverse":[75],"time":[77],"integration,":[78],"are":[79],"on":[81],"PC.":[84],"On":[85],"system,":[87],"cosmological":[91],"2.1":[95],"million":[96],"particles,":[97],"sustained":[99],"performance":[101,121],"15.39":[103],"Gflops":[104],"averaged":[105],"over":[106],"4.33":[107],"hours.":[108],"price":[110,119],"system":[113],"is":[114,123,126],"$2,384":[115],"in":[116],"total":[117],"and,":[118],"per":[120],"obtained":[122,132],"$158/Gflops,":[124],"44":[127],"times":[128],"better":[129],"than":[130],"that":[131],"by":[133],"GRAPE-5":[134],"special-purpose":[135],"hardware,":[136],"1999":[138],"winner.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}