{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153621263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185861","title":"Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions with hand-generated muscle actuation basis","display_name":"Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions with hand-generated muscle actuation basis","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153621263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185861","mag":"2153621263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1185657.1185861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060198531","display_name":"Byoungwon Choe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Byoungwon Choe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111574136","display_name":"Hyeong\u2010Seok Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8068-5244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Seok Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060198531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93150403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.834597110748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7247509956359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6643346548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.6271496415138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5811485052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.5355072021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.51329106092453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4863460659980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-function","display_name":"Basis function","score":0.46439841389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.45492807030677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.41308242082595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3704746961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17228880524635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.13514643907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1004135012626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09025514125823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07636532187461853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.834597110748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7247509956359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6643346548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6271496415138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5811485052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.5355072021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.51329106092453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4863460659980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.46439841389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.45492807030677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.41308242082595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3704746961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17228880524635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.13514643907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1004135012626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09025514125823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07636532187461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1185657.1185861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.10.1733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.1733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://graphics.snu.ac.kr/publication/choe/Choe_2001_CA.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509796108","https://openalex.org/W1521793179","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1622574791","https://openalex.org/W1971340623","https://openalex.org/W1993962870","https://openalex.org/W2004195401","https://openalex.org/W2014281764","https://openalex.org/W2066813690","https://openalex.org/W2082229127","https://openalex.org/W2096076356","https://openalex.org/W2102416463","https://openalex.org/W2103682126","https://openalex.org/W2116883077","https://openalex.org/W2125675458","https://openalex.org/W2128597598","https://openalex.org/W2132172443","https://openalex.org/W2134571991","https://openalex.org/W2160947254","https://openalex.org/W2236592196","https://openalex.org/W2266946488","https://openalex.org/W2281488167","https://openalex.org/W2295663742","https://openalex.org/W2296297070","https://openalex.org/W3004513510","https://openalex.org/W3010097777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544039745","https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W2999276620","https://openalex.org/W2532377291","https://openalex.org/W1976926596","https://openalex.org/W2989004599","https://openalex.org/W2535923857","https://openalex.org/W3094080214","https://openalex.org/W2156310872","https://openalex.org/W2356609371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,69,116],"present":[1],"a":[2,151],"performance-driven":[3],"facial":[4,42],"animation":[5,156],"system":[6],"for":[7,86],"analyzing":[8],"captured":[9],"expressions":[10,17,71,81],"to":[11,45,108,122],"find":[12],"muscle":[13],"actuation":[14,20,39,48,93,128],"and":[15,79,141],"synthesizing":[16],"with":[18],"the":[19,34,38,46,61,76,84,87,91,96,99,112,124,127],"values.":[21],"Significantly":[22],"different":[23],"approach":[24],"of":[25,37,49,53,75,98,126],"our":[26,135],"work":[27],"is":[28,104],"that":[29,134],"we":[30],"let":[31],"artists":[32],"sculpt":[33],"initial":[35],"draft":[36],"basis---the":[40],"basic":[41],"shapes":[43],"corresponding":[44],"isolated":[47],"individual":[50],"muscles,":[51],"instead":[52],"calculating":[54],"skin":[55],"surface":[56],"deformation":[57],"entirely":[58],"relying":[59],"on":[60],"mathematical":[62,146],"models":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"finite":[66],"element":[67],"methods.":[68],"synthesize":[70],"by":[72,82],"linear":[73],"combinations":[74],"basis":[77,94],"elements,":[78],"analyze":[80],"finding":[83],"weights":[85],"combinations.":[88],"Even":[89],"though":[90],"hand-generated":[92],"represents":[95],"essence":[97],"subject's":[100],"characteristic":[101],"expressions,":[102],"it":[103],"not":[105],"accurate":[106],"enough":[107],"be":[109,150],"used":[110],"in":[111,155],"subsequent":[113],"computational":[114],"procedures.":[115],"also":[117],"describe":[118],"an":[119],"iterative":[120],"algorithm":[121],"increase":[123],"accuracy":[125],"basis.":[129],"The":[130],"experimental":[131],"results":[132],"suggest":[133],"artist-in-the-loop":[136],"method":[137],"produces":[138],"more":[139],"predictable":[140],"controllable":[142],"outcome":[143],"than":[144],"pure":[145],"models,":[147],"thus":[148],"can":[149],"quite":[152],"useful":[153],"tool":[154],"productions.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
