{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978235861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185770","title":"SKETCH","display_name":"SKETCH","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978235861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185770","mag":"1978235861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1185657.1185770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088301806","display_name":"Robert C. Zeleznik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Zeleznik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087162752","display_name":"Kenneth P. Herndon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth P. Herndon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103642464","display_name":"John F. Hughes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John F. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization, PO Box 1910, Providence, RI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088301806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":80.7713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":653,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99982853,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.9064573049545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8338890075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7254985570907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pencil","display_name":"Pencil (optics)","score":0.6378456354141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6193646788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4424256980419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.440122127532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35579240322113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34891611337661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.157408207654953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.9064573049545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8338890075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7254985570907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134949993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068617","display_name":"Pencil (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6378456354141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6193646788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4424256980419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.440122127532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35579240322113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34891611337661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.157408207654953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1185657.1185770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses on   - SIGGRAPH '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540009888","https://openalex.org/W1964447049","https://openalex.org/W1982206188","https://openalex.org/W1985541889","https://openalex.org/W1989800297","https://openalex.org/W1989952968","https://openalex.org/W1998796663","https://openalex.org/W2023192402","https://openalex.org/W2034511459","https://openalex.org/W2037054647","https://openalex.org/W2038684641","https://openalex.org/W2042119491","https://openalex.org/W2042503542","https://openalex.org/W2053826520","https://openalex.org/W2062984939","https://openalex.org/W2065474493","https://openalex.org/W2068707318","https://openalex.org/W2093433791","https://openalex.org/W2105256508","https://openalex.org/W2119340547","https://openalex.org/W2134835560","https://openalex.org/W2153079896","https://openalex.org/W2153360297","https://openalex.org/W2158065284","https://openalex.org/W2164031838","https://openalex.org/W2164261480","https://openalex.org/W2295947439","https://openalex.org/W3000063644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2176457742","https://openalex.org/W2374717786","https://openalex.org/W579941660","https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W54172855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sketching":[0],"communicates":[1],"ideas":[2],"rapidly":[3,72],"through":[4],"approximate":[5,76],"visual":[6],"images":[7],"with":[8],"low":[9],"overhead":[10],"(pencil":[11],"and":[12,21,26,45,49,74,87],"paper),":[13],"no":[14],"need":[15],"for":[16,71],"precision":[17],"or":[18],"specialized":[19],"knowledge,":[20],"ease":[22],"of":[23,41,63,97],"low-level":[24],"correction":[25],"revision.":[27,50],"In":[28],"contrast,":[29],"most":[30],"3D":[31,43,77,108],"computer":[32],"modeling":[33],"systems":[34],"are":[35],"good":[36],"at":[37],"generating":[38],"arbitrary":[39],"views":[40],"precise":[42],"models":[44],"support":[46],"high-level":[47],"editing":[48,75],"The":[51],"SKETCH":[52,82],"application":[53],"described":[54],"in":[55,65],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"attempts":[58],"to":[59,67,103],"combine":[60],"the":[61,107],"advantages":[62],"each":[64],"order":[66],"create":[68],"an":[69],"environment":[70],"conceptualizing":[73],"scenes.":[78],"To":[79],"achieve":[80],"this,":[81],"uses":[83],"simple":[84],"non-photorealistic":[85],"rendering":[86],"a":[88],"purely":[89],"gestural":[90],"interface":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"simplified":[94],"line":[95],"drawings":[96],"primitives":[98],"that":[99],"allows":[100],"all":[101],"operations":[102],"be":[104],"specified":[105],"within":[106],"world.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}