{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022072012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180501","title":"Evaluating the effects of real world distraction on user performance in virtual environments","display_name":"Evaluating the effects of real world distraction on user performance in virtual environments","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022072012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180501","mag":"2022072012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1180495.1180501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101448737","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-4915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083634503","display_name":"Kunmi Otitoju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunmi Otitoju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392635","display_name":"Tong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-9300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064939179","display_name":"Si-Jung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069853790","display_name":"Doug A. Bowman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug A. Bowman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101448737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89971865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.9451419115066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7074944972991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.635496199131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6042702794075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.5428621172904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5174627900123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-presence","display_name":"Sense of presence","score":0.4790705144405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.41510283946990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3778654634952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.1895308792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1762898862361908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.9451419115066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7074944972991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.635496199131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6042702794075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5428621172904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5174627900123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987143623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5643204","display_name":"Sense of presence","level":3,"score":0.4790705144405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.41510283946990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3778654634952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.1895308792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1762898862361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1180495.1180501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145882784","https://openalex.org/W1494658570","https://openalex.org/W1551717579","https://openalex.org/W1998938084","https://openalex.org/W1999296809","https://openalex.org/W2011504960","https://openalex.org/W2018670717","https://openalex.org/W2044116517","https://openalex.org/W2098966169","https://openalex.org/W2102812780","https://openalex.org/W2126913566","https://openalex.org/W2129149254","https://openalex.org/W2171057921","https://openalex.org/W2178258609","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6653340116","https://openalex.org/W6679133879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164662311","https://openalex.org/W2902011785","https://openalex.org/W3095182901","https://openalex.org/W2314378126","https://openalex.org/W2532485175","https://openalex.org/W3211501801","https://openalex.org/W4361027796","https://openalex.org/W4285060304","https://openalex.org/W2175951718","https://openalex.org/W2583531964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"many":[1],"virtual":[2],"environment":[3],"(VE)":[4],"technologies":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7,13,42],"the":[8,21,46,72,79,86,104,130,150,170],"four-screen":[9],"CAVE\u2122":[10],"are":[11],"described":[12],"immersive,":[14],"users":[15],"can":[16],"still":[17],"perceive":[18],"distractions":[19,48],"from":[20],"real":[22,146],"world.":[23],"This":[24,65],"exposure":[25],"to":[26,58,61,70],"real-world":[27,47,63,105],"distraction":[28,157],"may":[29,49,56,158],"reduce":[30,62],"users'":[31,112],"sense":[32],"of":[33,74,88,101,103,134],"presence,":[34],"and":[35,85,114,145,173],"if":[36],"presence":[37],"is":[38],"correlated":[39],"with":[40],"performance":[41,84,113],"some":[43],"have":[44,159],"claimed,":[45],"also":[50],"hinder":[51],"performance.":[52],"Thus,":[53],"VE":[54],"designers":[55],"want":[57],"consider":[59],"ways":[60],"distraction.":[64,106],"paper":[66],"presents":[67],"an":[68,89],"experiment":[69],"investigate":[71],"effect":[73,164],"reduced":[75,156],"visual":[76],"stimulus":[77],"in":[78,116],"peripheral":[80],"area":[81],"on":[82,165,169],"user":[83,166],"usability":[87],"immersive":[90],"VE.":[91],"We":[92],"carefully":[93],"designed":[94],"three":[95],"tasks":[96,172],"that":[97,155],"cause":[98],"different":[99],"levels":[100],"awareness":[102],"Using":[107],"these":[108],"tasks,":[109],"we":[110],"evaluated":[111],"preference":[115],"two":[117],"conditions.":[118],"The":[119,137,152],"low-stimulus":[120],"condition":[121,139],"was":[122,140],"created":[123,141],"by":[124,142],"hanging":[125],"a":[126,135,160],"black":[127],"cloth":[128],"across":[129],"missing":[131],"back":[132],"wall":[133],"CAVE.":[136,151],"high-stimulus":[138],"projected":[143],"animations":[144],"human":[147],"motion":[148],"outside":[149],"experiments":[153],"show":[154],"positive":[161],"or":[162],"negative":[163],"performance,":[167],"depending":[168],"specific":[171],"environments.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
