{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017079133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180500","title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of occlusion reduction techniques for 3D virtual environments","display_name":"Evaluating the effectiveness of occlusion reduction techniques for 3D virtual environments","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017079133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180500","mag":"2017079133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1180495.1180500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034277315","display_name":"Niklas Elmqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Elmqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002048995","display_name":"M. Eduard Tudoreanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Eduard Tudoreanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas","University of Arkansas at Little Rock , Little Rock, Arkansas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock , Little Rock, Arkansas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.849969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7670826315879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.641887903213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.49587830901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4898783564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-walkthrough","display_name":"Software walkthrough","score":0.48141929507255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4646567404270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4225670099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41804784536361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3679644465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12113520503044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09265846014022827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7670826315879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.641887903213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.49587830901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4898783564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.48141929507255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4646567404270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4225670099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41804784536361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3679644465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12113520503044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09265846014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1180495.1180500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.108.5325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.108.5325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~elm/projects/probe/probe-full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:21969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/21969-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-occlusion-reduction-techniques-for-3d-virtual-environments","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Conference.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4be8e589-7081-4918-9748-bf7673d71c11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/4be8e589-7081-4918-9748-bf7673d71c11","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elmqvist , N & Tudoreanu , M E 2006 , Evaluating the effectiveness of occlusion reduction techniques for 3D virtual environments . in VRST'06 : ACM Symposium Virtual Reality Software and Technology . Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, VRST , pp. 9-18 , 13th ACM Symposium Virtual Reality Software and Technology, VRST'06 , Limassol , Cyprus , 01/11/2006 . https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180500","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:21969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/21969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76064434","https://openalex.org/W157403507","https://openalex.org/W1538415630","https://openalex.org/W1710511026","https://openalex.org/W1964883191","https://openalex.org/W1983989230","https://openalex.org/W1990006500","https://openalex.org/W1992993658","https://openalex.org/W2015800847","https://openalex.org/W2017718675","https://openalex.org/W2050427657","https://openalex.org/W2060556621","https://openalex.org/W2075399550","https://openalex.org/W2091897342","https://openalex.org/W2100621573","https://openalex.org/W2106281550","https://openalex.org/W2117003836","https://openalex.org/W2131898753","https://openalex.org/W2151627177","https://openalex.org/W2154595072","https://openalex.org/W2159891107","https://openalex.org/W2161581092","https://openalex.org/W2911967907","https://openalex.org/W3141454743","https://openalex.org/W4236888462","https://openalex.org/W6606372711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384517284","https://openalex.org/W2356461702","https://openalex.org/W2014872351","https://openalex.org/W2364504590","https://openalex.org/W2384717657","https://openalex.org/W2136424227","https://openalex.org/W4389670110","https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W2006831188","https://openalex.org/W2187546663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2],"empirical":[3],"usability":[4],"experiment":[5],"studying":[6],"the":[7,30,45,112,146,157],"relative":[8],"strengths":[9],"and":[10,20,42,44,66,85,101,130,141],"weaknesses":[11],"of":[12,59,72],"three":[13],"different":[14,60,70],"occlusion":[15],"reduction":[16],"techniques":[17,38],"for":[18,91,119,168],"discovering":[19],"accessing":[21],"objects":[22],"in":[23,69,104],"information-rich":[24],"3D":[25,34,48,83,88],"virtual":[26,87],"environments.":[27],"More":[28],"specifically,":[29],"study":[31,97],"compares":[32],"standard":[33],"navigation,":[35],"generalized":[36],"fisheye":[37],"using":[39],"object":[40,67],"scaling":[41],"transparency,":[43],"BalloonProbe":[46,155],"interactive":[47],"space":[49],"distortion":[50],"technique.":[51],"Subjects":[52],"are":[53],"asked":[54],"to":[55],"complete":[56],"a":[57,80,86,92,105,120,136,173],"number":[58],"tasks,":[61],"including":[62],"counting,":[63],"pattern":[64],"recognition,":[65],"relation,":[68],"kinds":[71],"environments":[73,78],"with":[74],"various":[75],"properties.":[76],"The":[77,96,132],"include":[79],"free-space":[81],"abstract":[82],"environment":[84],"walkthrough":[89],"application":[90],"simple":[93,143],"building":[94],"floor.":[95],"involved":[98],"16":[99],"subjects":[100],"was":[102,145],"conducted":[103],"three-sided":[106],"CAVE":[107],"environment.":[108],"Our":[109],"results":[110,133],"confirm":[111],"general":[113],"guideline":[114],"that":[115],"each":[116],"task":[117],"calls":[118],"specialized":[121],"interaction--no":[122],"single":[123],"technique":[124],"performed":[125],"best":[126],"across":[127],"all":[128],"tasks":[129],"worlds.":[131],"also":[134,149],"indicate":[135],"clear":[137],"trade-off":[138],"between":[139],"speed":[140],"accuracy;":[142],"navigation":[144],"fastest":[147],"but":[148,160],"most":[150,158],"error-prone":[151],"technique,":[152],"whereas":[153],"spherical":[154],"proved":[156],"accurate":[159],"required":[161],"longer":[162],"completion":[163],"time,":[164],"making":[165],"it":[166],"suitable":[167],"applications":[169],"where":[170],"mistakes":[171],"incur":[172],"high":[174],"cost.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}