{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009470162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1179494.1179502","title":"A weakest-adversary security metric for network configuration security analysis","display_name":"A weakest-adversary security metric for network configuration security analysis","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009470162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1179494.1179502","mag":"2009470162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1179494.1179502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1179494.1179502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Quality of protection","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011771831","display_name":"Joseph Pamula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Pamula","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010727123","display_name":"Sushil Jajodia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushil Jajodia","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037613705","display_name":"Paul Ammann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Ammann","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052926071","display_name":"Vipin Swarup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-4743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44896327","display_name":"Mitre (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks2a131","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipin Swarup","raw_affiliation_strings":["The MITRE Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MITRE Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9939686,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881369590759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7720347046852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6392708420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.608368456363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.6026730537414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-security","display_name":"Concrete security","score":0.5846505761146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5720948576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.5430206656455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49720028042793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.47333911061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43095076084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3205828070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09992310404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07676181197166443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881369590759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7720347046852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6392708420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.608368456363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.6026730537414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147343967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159078","display_name":"Concrete security","level":3,"score":0.5846505761146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5720948576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.5430206656455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49720028042793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.47333911061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43095076084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3205828070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09992310404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07676181197166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1179494.1179502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1179494.1179502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Quality of protection","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05q0y0j38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515452738","https://openalex.org/W1585236151","https://openalex.org/W1587970460","https://openalex.org/W2025113626","https://openalex.org/W2054127354","https://openalex.org/W2083658929","https://openalex.org/W2101438812","https://openalex.org/W2104588447","https://openalex.org/W2117694832","https://openalex.org/W2121805588","https://openalex.org/W2125377756","https://openalex.org/W2141289698","https://openalex.org/W2150127671","https://openalex.org/W2157554212","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635240798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1623393394","https://openalex.org/W1583236736","https://openalex.org/W2111145992","https://openalex.org/W1827592073","https://openalex.org/W2069070185","https://openalex.org/W2378688856","https://openalex.org/W3037285711","https://openalex.org/W2152415989","https://openalex.org/W2549439785","https://openalex.org/W2275668805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"security":[1,14,19,25,44,61,148],"metric":[2,41,58],"measures":[3,59],"or":[4],"assesses":[5],"the":[6,24,43,60,69,72,79,87,95],"extent":[7],"to":[8,98,102],"which":[9],"a":[10,38,64,105,108,116,126],"system":[11],"meets":[12],"its":[13],"objectives.":[15],"Since":[16],"meaningful":[17],"quantitative":[18,40],"metrics":[20,30],"are":[21,142],"largely":[22],"unavailable,":[23],"community":[26],"primarily":[27],"uses":[28],"qualitative":[29],"for":[31,42,94,146],"security.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"present":[37,82],"novel":[39],"of":[45,54,63,68,71,90,113,128,151],"computer":[46],"networks":[47],"that":[48,85,138],"is":[49],"based":[50],"on":[51],"an":[52,83,121],"analysis":[53],"attack":[55],"graphs.":[56],"The":[57],"strength":[62,70],"network":[65,110,140,147],"in":[66,100,149],"terms":[67,150],"weakest":[73,96],"adversary":[74,97],"who":[75],"can":[76],"successfully":[77,103],"penetrate":[78],"network.":[80],"We":[81,133],"algorithm":[84],"computes":[86],"minimal":[88],"sets":[89],"required":[91],"initial":[92,130],"attributes":[93],"possess":[99],"order":[101],"compromise":[104],"network;":[106],"given":[107],"specific":[109,117],"configuration,":[111],"set":[112,127],"known":[114],"exploits,":[115],"goal":[118],"state,":[119],"and":[120],"attacker":[122,131],"class":[123],"(represented":[124],"by":[125,136],"all":[129],"attributes).":[132],"also":[134],"demonstrate,":[135],"example,":[137],"diverse":[139],"configurations":[141],"not":[143],"always":[144],"beneficial":[145],"penetrability.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}