{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108673751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1177080.1177101","title":"Impact of packet sampling on anomaly detection metrics","display_name":"Impact of packet sampling on anomaly detection metrics","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108673751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1177080.1177101","mag":"2108673751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1177080.1177101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1177080.1177101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043607848","display_name":"Daniela Brauckhoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Brauckhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031087846","display_name":"Bernhard Tellenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-1107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Tellenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109935530","display_name":"Arno Wagner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082989892","display_name":"Martin May","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin May","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079029444","display_name":"Anukool Lakhina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-4089"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anukool Lakhina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":206,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99385676,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.743642270565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7343253493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7115263938903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netflow","display_name":"NetFlow","score":0.70875084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6576582193374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.5458489060401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5022082328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.4663946330547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.45492592453956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-analyzer","display_name":"Packet analyzer","score":0.4442252218723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.41842004656791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3801169991493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32615137100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17659282684326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.12960872054100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07834476232528687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.743642270565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7343253493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7115263938903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188067584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219363","display_name":"NetFlow","level":2,"score":0.70875084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6576582193374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5458489060401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5022082328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.4663946330547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45492592453956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95362637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54366","display_name":"Packet analyzer","level":3,"score":0.4442252218723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.41842004656791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3801169991493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32615137100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17659282684326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.12960872054100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07834476232528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1177080.1177101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1177080.1177101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1744212210","https://openalex.org/W1974918169","https://openalex.org/W1977141583","https://openalex.org/W1983051954","https://openalex.org/W1985382559","https://openalex.org/W1994663326","https://openalex.org/W2031657002","https://openalex.org/W2113061123","https://openalex.org/W2117747231","https://openalex.org/W2121511513","https://openalex.org/W2127455097","https://openalex.org/W2129976399","https://openalex.org/W2130598205","https://openalex.org/W2157578436","https://openalex.org/W2164210932","https://openalex.org/W2164532265","https://openalex.org/W2168917894","https://openalex.org/W2169662797","https://openalex.org/W3125980728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086304464","https://openalex.org/W2157086173","https://openalex.org/W132341610","https://openalex.org/W2599075038","https://openalex.org/W2053550965","https://openalex.org/W2128567487","https://openalex.org/W2169758486","https://openalex.org/W2514523857","https://openalex.org/W4212989604","https://openalex.org/W2519215548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Packet":[0],"sampling":[1,26,48,73,105,117,136,192,204,212],"methods":[2],"such":[3,148],"as":[4,149],"Cisco's":[5],"NetFlow":[6],"are":[7,178,200],"widely":[8],"employed":[9],"by":[10,181,221],"large":[11],"networks":[12],"to":[13,86,111,124,203],"reduce":[14],"the":[15,45,60,66,83,100,113,140,150,161,185],"amount":[16],"of":[17,47,82,90,115,152,156,163,173],"traffic":[18,92],"data":[19],"measured.":[20],"A":[21],"key":[22],"problem":[23],"with":[24,54],"packet":[25,68,72,116,135,174],"is":[27,30],"that":[28,134,168,197],"it":[29],"inherently":[31],"a":[32,88,128],"lossy":[33],"process,":[34],"discarding":[35],"(potentially":[36],"useful)":[37],"information.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,64,97,166],"empirically":[43],"evaluate":[44,112],"impact":[46,114],"on":[49,118],"anomaly":[50,85,101,119,130,141],"detection":[51,120,131],"metrics.":[52,207],"Starting":[53],"unsampled":[55],"flow":[56,176],"records":[57],"collected":[58],"during":[59],"Blaster":[61,84,186],"worm":[62,187],"outbreak,":[63],"reconstruct":[65],"underlying":[67],"trace":[69],"and":[70,154,175,183],"simulate":[71],"at":[74,103,190],"increasing":[75],"rates.":[76,106,193],"We":[77],"then":[78],"use":[79],"our":[80],"knowledge":[81],"build":[87],"baseline":[89],"normal":[91],"(without":[93],"Blaster),":[94],"against":[95],"which":[96,218],"can":[98,225],"measure":[99],"size":[102,142],"various":[104],"This":[107],"approach":[108],"allows":[109],"us":[110],"without":[121],"being":[122],"restricted":[123],"(or":[125],"biased":[126],"by)":[127],"particular":[129],"method.We":[132],"find":[133,167],"does":[137],"not":[138,210],"disturb":[139],"when":[143,219],"measured":[144],"in":[145],"volume":[146,206],"metrics":[147],"number":[151,155,162],"bytes":[153],"packets,":[157],"but":[158],"grossly":[159],"biases":[160],"flows.":[164],"However,":[165],"recently":[169],"proposed":[170],"entropy-based":[171],"summarizations":[172,199],"counts":[177],"affected":[179],"less":[180],"sampling,":[182],"expose":[184,226],"outbreak":[188],"even":[189],"higher":[191],"Our":[194],"findings":[195],"suggest":[196],"entropy":[198],"more":[201],"resilient":[202],"than":[205],"Thus,":[208],"while":[209],"perfect,":[211],"still":[213],"preserves":[214],"sufficient":[215],"distributional":[216],"structure,":[217],"harnessed":[220],"tools":[222],"like":[223],"entropy,":[224],"hard-to-detect":[227],"scanning":[228],"anomalies.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
