{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097018539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1176760.1176811","title":"Cost-efficient soft error protection for embedded microprocessors","display_name":"Cost-efficient soft error protection for embedded microprocessors","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097018539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1176760.1176811","mag":"2097018539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1176760.1176811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1176760.1176811","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057956863","display_name":"Jason Blome","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason A. Blome","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064330876","display_name":"Shantanu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantanu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110112858","display_name":"Shuguang Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002075773","display_name":"Scott Mahlke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-0616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Mahlke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"421","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.8320561647415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7860099077224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-file","display_name":"Register file","score":0.6518071293830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5966087579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5852541923522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.5813360214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading","display_name":"Multithreading","score":0.5660674571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5429865717887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5071601867675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.46266841888427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4615718126296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.4271988272666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4227652847766876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.29480087757110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.2923547625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.26673370599746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.19222360849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15295463800430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11100175976753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11099648475646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10081461071968079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.09744501113891602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.8320561647415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7860099077224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117280010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180944","display_name":"Register file","level":3,"score":0.6518071293830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5966087579727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5852541923522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5813360214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201410400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412","display_name":"Multithreading","level":3,"score":0.5660674571990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5429865717887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5071601867675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.46266841888427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4615718126296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.4271988272666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4227652847766876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.29480087757110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2923547625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.26673370599746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.19222360849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15295463800430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11100175976753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11099648475646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10081461071968079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.09744501113891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1176760.1176811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1176760.1176811","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.61.9870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.61.9870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~jblome/pubs/jblome-cases06.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541483005","https://openalex.org/W1579215414","https://openalex.org/W1864485850","https://openalex.org/W1975157752","https://openalex.org/W1976431848","https://openalex.org/W2008482633","https://openalex.org/W2021708499","https://openalex.org/W2051973459","https://openalex.org/W2102480715","https://openalex.org/W2102587899","https://openalex.org/W2104225326","https://openalex.org/W2117285153","https://openalex.org/W2121618685","https://openalex.org/W2144172343","https://openalex.org/W2144512449","https://openalex.org/W2151345654","https://openalex.org/W2155231837","https://openalex.org/W2739649174","https://openalex.org/W4245082727","https://openalex.org/W4300199668","https://openalex.org/W6741460227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044069930","https://openalex.org/W2407896","https://openalex.org/W2150450196","https://openalex.org/W1990419382","https://openalex.org/W2078707653","https://openalex.org/W4249967283","https://openalex.org/W1558769186","https://openalex.org/W3196277062","https://openalex.org/W4224229821","https://openalex.org/W2079643259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Device":[0],"scaling":[1],"trends":[2],"dramatically":[3],"increase":[4],"the":[5,32,36,75,90,112,158,189],"susceptibility":[6],"of":[7,22,34,89,92,101,114,118,130,136,148,161,191],"microprocessors":[8,17],"to":[9,29,54,68,72,126,154,186],"soft":[10,37,41,93],"errors.":[11],"Further,":[12],"mounting":[13],"demand":[14],"for":[15,196],"embedded":[16,76,104],"in":[18,74,111,152],"a":[19,86,96,134,145,162,182],"wide":[20],"array":[21],"safety":[23],"critical":[24],"applications,":[25],"ranging":[26],"from":[27],"automobiles":[28],"pacemakers,":[30],"compounds":[31],"importance":[33],"addressing":[35],"error":[38,42,168],"problem.":[39],"Historically,":[40],"tolerance":[43],"techniques":[44,66,121],"have":[45],"been":[46],"targeted":[47],"mainly":[48],"at":[49,171],"high-end":[50],"server":[51],"markets,":[52],"leading":[53],"solutions":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57,133],"coarse-grained":[58],"modular":[59],"redundancy":[60],"and":[61,138],"redundant":[62],"multithreading.":[63],"However,":[64],"these":[65],"tend":[67],"be":[69,124],"prohibitively":[70],"expensive":[71],"implement":[73],"design":[77,113],"space.":[78],"To":[79],"address":[80],"this":[81,109],"problem,":[82],"we":[83],"first":[84,142],"present":[85],"thorough":[87],"analysis":[88,110],"effects":[91],"errors":[94],"on":[95],"production-grade,":[97],"fully":[98],"synthesized":[99],"implementation":[100],"an":[102],"ARM926EJ-S":[103],"microprocessor.":[105],"We":[106],"then":[107],"leverage":[108],"two":[115],"orthogonal":[116],"low-costs":[117],"terror":[119],"protection":[120],"that":[122],"can":[123],"tuned":[125],"achieve":[127],"variable":[128],"levels":[129],"fault":[131,159,198],"coverage":[132,160],"function":[135],"area":[137,176],"power":[139],"constraints.":[140],"The":[141,178],"technique":[143,180],"uses":[144],"small":[146],"cache":[147],"live":[149],"register":[150,163],"values":[151],"order":[153],"provide":[155],"nearly":[156],"twice":[157],"file":[164],"protected":[165],"using":[166],"traditional":[167],"correcting":[169],"codes":[170],"little":[172],"or":[173],"no":[174],"additional":[175],"cost.":[177],"second":[179],"is":[181],"statistical":[183],"method":[184],"used":[185],"significantly":[187],"reduce":[188],"overhead":[190],"deploying":[192],"time-delayed":[193],"shadow":[194],"latches":[195],"low-latency":[197],"detection.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}