{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127643746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168880","title":"A performance counter architecture for computing accurate CPI components","display_name":"A performance counter architecture for computing accurate CPI components","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127643746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168880","mag":"2127643746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1168857.1168880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057014492","display_name":"Stijn Eyerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Eyerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033119975","display_name":"Lieven Eeckhout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-4473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieven Eeckhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090313886","display_name":"Tejas S. Karkhanis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejas Karkhanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison","University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017566347","display_name":"James E. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-1859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James E. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison","University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":190,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97760089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"175","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8641119003295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-predictor","display_name":"Branch predictor","score":0.7345379590988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.7012038230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superscalar","display_name":"Superscalar","score":0.6418924927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-order-execution","display_name":"Out-of-order execution","score":0.5924453139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5870875120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.5471928119659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-lookaside-buffer","display_name":"Translation lookaside buffer","score":0.5135083794593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4980325698852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4467136859893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4459972381591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4296242594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3863604664802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.38586360216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-address","display_name":"Physical address","score":0.08291614055633545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8641119003295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168522837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679552","display_name":"Branch predictor","level":2,"score":0.7345379590988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7012038230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147101560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045706","display_name":"Superscalar","level":2,"score":0.6418924927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1793878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153762","display_name":"Out-of-order execution","level":2,"score":0.5924453139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5870875120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.5471928119659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116007543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071403","display_name":"Translation lookaside buffer","level":4,"score":0.5135083794593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4980325698852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4467136859893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4459972381591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4296242594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3863604664802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.38586360216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41036726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844824","display_name":"Physical address","level":3,"score":0.08291614055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1168857.1168880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579864385","https://openalex.org/W1964191343","https://openalex.org/W1973441419","https://openalex.org/W1991222965","https://openalex.org/W2002374396","https://openalex.org/W2032732648","https://openalex.org/W2038057969","https://openalex.org/W2038769854","https://openalex.org/W2073617099","https://openalex.org/W2109659793","https://openalex.org/W2129393463","https://openalex.org/W2139350452","https://openalex.org/W2140384194","https://openalex.org/W2153131460","https://openalex.org/W2155651153","https://openalex.org/W2163290010","https://openalex.org/W2166344060","https://openalex.org/W2172190421","https://openalex.org/W2485549318","https://openalex.org/W6722492070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W124901208","https://openalex.org/W1916582918","https://openalex.org/W2150776253","https://openalex.org/W2108104128","https://openalex.org/W2087838646","https://openalex.org/W1905744402","https://openalex.org/W3080121899","https://openalex.org/W1595275176","https://openalex.org/W2993088652","https://openalex.org/W4302418667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"common":[1],"way":[2,134],"of":[3,25,43,73,121,135],"representing":[4],"processor":[5,112],"performance":[6,17,119,138,159],"is":[7,70,152],"to":[8,156],"use":[9],"Cycles":[10],"per":[11],"Instruction":[12],"(CPI)":[13],"`stacks'":[14],"which":[15],"break":[16],"into":[18,40,117],"a":[19,23,47,106,132],"baseline":[20],"CPI":[21,29,31,64,94,143],"plus":[22],"number":[24],"individual":[26],"miss":[27,79,124],"event":[28],"components.":[30],"stacks":[32,65,95],"can":[33,96],"be":[34,97],"very":[35],"helpful":[36],"in":[37],"gaining":[38],"insight":[39],"the":[41,118,122],"behavior":[42],"an":[44],"application":[45,57],"on":[46,66,127],"given":[48],"microprocessor;":[49],"consequently,":[50],"they":[51],"are":[52],"widely":[53],"used":[54],"by":[55],"software":[56],"developers":[58],"and":[59,78,85,92,154],"computer":[60],"architects.":[61],"However,":[62],"computing":[63],"superscalar":[67,100],"out-of-order":[68,101,111],"processors":[69],"challenging":[71],"because":[72],"various":[74,123],"overlaps":[75],"among":[76],"execution":[77],"events":[80],"(cache":[81],"misses,":[82,84],"TLB":[83],"branch":[86],"mispredictions).This":[87],"paper":[88],"shows":[89],"that":[90],"meaningful":[91],"accurate":[93,142,166],"computed":[98],"for":[99,109,140,148],"processors.":[102],"Using":[103],"interval":[104],"analysis,":[105],"novel":[107,133],"method":[108],"analyzing":[110],"performance,":[113],"we":[114,130],"gain":[115],"understanding":[116],"impact":[120],"events.":[125],"Based":[126],"this":[128],"understanding,":[129],"propose":[131],"architecting":[136],"hardware":[137,147,158],"counters":[139,151],"building":[141],"stacks.":[144],"The":[145],"additional":[146],"implementing":[149],"these":[150],"limited":[153],"comparable":[155],"existing":[157],"counter":[160],"architectures":[161],"while":[162],"being":[163],"significantly":[164],"more":[165],"than":[167],"previous":[168],"approaches.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}