{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117816012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168873","title":"PicoServer","display_name":"PicoServer","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117816012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168873","mag":"2117816012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1168857.1168873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035195018","display_name":"Taeho Kgil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taeho Kgil","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032607630","display_name":"Shaun D'Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-0846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaun D'Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111875289","display_name":"\u0410\u043b\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0438\u0434\u0438","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Saidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091073355","display_name":"Nathan Binkert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Binkert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014250626","display_name":"Ronald Dreslinski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Dreslinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037541525","display_name":"Trevor Mudge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-2187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor Mudge","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109010789","display_name":"Steven K. Reinhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-0030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Reinhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017734206","display_name":"Kriszti\u00e1n Flautner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8347-1811"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krisztian Flautner","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035195018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.6403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":192,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9928853,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7935603857040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6472048163414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5489235520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5283939242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.49864792823791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentium","display_name":"Pentium","score":0.4569234848022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.45459628105163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37536296248435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.3256271481513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23077937960624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1257137954235077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7935603857040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6472048163414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5489235520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5283939242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.49864792823791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46268123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214314","display_name":"Pentium","level":2,"score":0.4569234848022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.45459628105163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37536296248435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.3256271481513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23077937960624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1257137954235077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1168857.1168873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1168857.1168873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193596938","https://openalex.org/W1485955567","https://openalex.org/W1569139806","https://openalex.org/W1666750238","https://openalex.org/W1792764119","https://openalex.org/W1979352334","https://openalex.org/W1993700253","https://openalex.org/W2005226599","https://openalex.org/W2022740893","https://openalex.org/W2023264348","https://openalex.org/W2038061869","https://openalex.org/W2044206819","https://openalex.org/W2110090002","https://openalex.org/W2113002954","https://openalex.org/W2114421447","https://openalex.org/W2118687888","https://openalex.org/W2133985894","https://openalex.org/W2137675939","https://openalex.org/W2144149750","https://openalex.org/W2149743155","https://openalex.org/W2170653240","https://openalex.org/W2171825402","https://openalex.org/W2536066754","https://openalex.org/W2538857334","https://openalex.org/W2729704222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597195064","https://openalex.org/W2915007006","https://openalex.org/W2129938370","https://openalex.org/W3164835776","https://openalex.org/W2230641373","https://openalex.org/W1599810211","https://openalex.org/W2090841116","https://openalex.org/W2362169398","https://openalex.org/W2139353707","https://openalex.org/W3083915265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,180],"this":[1,139],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,182],"show":[4,183],"how":[5],"3D":[6,29,51,108,155],"stacking":[7,156],"technology":[8,30,52],"can":[9],"be":[10,74,88],"used":[11],"to":[12,31,41,73,76,87,133,189],"implement":[13],"a":[14,47,105,123,145,150,167,185,190],"simple,":[15],"low-power,":[16],"high-performance":[17],"chip":[18],"multiprocessor":[19],"suitable":[20],"for":[21,46,66,138,144],"throughput":[22,135],"processing.":[23],"Our":[24],"proposed":[25],"architecture,":[26],"PicoServer,":[27],"employs":[28],"bond":[32],"one":[33],"die":[34,148],"containing":[35],"several":[36],"simple":[37,78],"slow":[38],"processing":[39],"cores":[40,82],"multiple":[42],"DRAM":[43],"dies":[44],"sufficient":[45],"primary":[48],"memory.":[49,61],"The":[50,80],"also":[53],"enables":[54],"wide":[55],"low-latency":[56],"buses":[57],"between":[58],"processors":[59],"and":[60,100,157],"These":[62],"remove":[63],"the":[64,84,201,210,214],"need":[65],"an":[67,162],"L2":[68,159,170],"cache":[69,160,171],"allowing":[70],"its":[71],"area":[72],"re-allocated":[75],"additional":[77,81],"cores.":[79],"allow":[83],"clock":[85,94],"frequency":[86,95],"lowered":[89],"without":[90],"impairing":[91],"throughput.":[92],"Lower":[93],"in":[96],"turn":[97],"reduces":[98],"power":[99,211],"means":[101],"that":[102,184],"thermal":[103],"constraints,":[104],"concern":[106],"with":[107,154,166],"stacking,":[109],"are":[110,207],"easily":[111],"satisfied.The":[112],"PicoServer":[113,186],"architecture":[114,131],"specifically":[115],"targets":[116],"Tier":[117],"1":[118],"server":[119],"applications,":[120],"which":[121],"exhibit":[122],"high":[124],"degree":[125],"of":[126,200,213],"thread":[127],"level":[128],"parallelism.":[129],"An":[130],"targeted":[132],"efficient":[134],"is":[136],"ideal":[137],"application":[140],"domain.":[141],"We":[142],"find":[143],"similar":[146],"logic":[147],"area,":[149],"12":[151],"CPU":[152,164],"system":[153,165],"no":[158],"outperforms":[161],"8":[163],"large":[168],"on-chip":[169],"by":[172],"about":[173,198,209],"14%":[174],"while":[175,195],"consuming":[176,196],"55%":[177],"less":[178],"power.":[179],"addition,":[181],"performs":[187],"comparably":[188],"Pentium":[191],"4-like":[192],"class":[193],"machine":[194],"only":[197],"1/10":[199],"power,":[202],"even":[203],"when":[204],"conservative":[205],"assumptions":[206],"made":[208],"consumption":[212],"PicoServer.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}