{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087107264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165573.1165578","title":"Variation-driven device sizing for minimum energy sub-threshold circuits","display_name":"Variation-driven device sizing for minimum energy sub-threshold circuits","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087107264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165573.1165578","mag":"2087107264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1165573.1165578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165573.1165578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design  - ISLPED '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045617262","display_name":"Joyce Kwong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joyce Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar St., Room 38-107, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. jyskwong@mtl.mit.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar St., Room 38-107, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. jyskwong@mtl.mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084128470","display_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar St., Room 38-107, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. anantha@mtl.mit.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar St., Room 38-107, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. anantha@mtl.mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045617262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98979199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6951377987861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6879181265830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.659528911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6080827713012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.524254560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5234954953193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.485869824886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4417499303817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4278016984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.41104623675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37837451696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.35010820627212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26045340299606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19779059290885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1576826274394989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6951377987861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6879181265830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.659528911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6080827713012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.524254560470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5234954953193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.485869824886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4417499303817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4278016984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.41104623675346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37837451696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.35010820627212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26045340299606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19779059290885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1576826274394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1165573.1165578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165573.1165578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design  - ISLPED '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.466.9751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.466.9751","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-mtl.mit.edu/researchgroups/icsystems/pubs/conferences/2006/kwong_islped2006_paper.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491082069","https://openalex.org/W1976491043","https://openalex.org/W2002612140","https://openalex.org/W2006589289","https://openalex.org/W2059126714","https://openalex.org/W2075966063","https://openalex.org/W2108312065","https://openalex.org/W2111372718","https://openalex.org/W2128748528","https://openalex.org/W2151015077","https://openalex.org/W2153378565","https://openalex.org/W2154054117","https://openalex.org/W2156638740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2393487946","https://openalex.org/W2373310108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sub-threshold":[0],"operation":[1],"is":[2,33],"a":[3,43],"compelling":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,52],"energy-constrained":[7],"applications,":[8],"but":[9],"increased":[10],"sensitivity":[11,24],"to":[12,35,46,63,87],"variation":[13,23],"must":[14],"be":[15],"mitigated.":[16],"We":[17,29],"explore":[18],"variability":[19,70],"metrics":[20],"and":[21,41,83],"the":[22,59],"of":[25,75,90],"stacked":[26],"device":[27],"topologies.":[28],"show":[30],"that":[31],"upsizing":[32,53],"necessary":[34],"achieve":[36,84],"robustness":[37],"at":[38],"reduced":[39],"voltages":[40],"propose":[42],"design":[44],"methodology":[45],"meet":[47],"yield":[48],"constraints.":[49],"The":[50],"need":[51],"imposes":[54],"an":[55,79],"energy":[56],"overhead,":[57],"influencing":[58],"optimal":[60],"supply":[61],"voltage":[62],"minimize":[64],"energy.":[65],"Finally,":[66],"we":[67],"characterize":[68],"performance":[69],"by":[71],"summing":[72],"delay":[73],"distributions":[74],"each":[76],"stage":[77],"in":[78],"arbitrary":[80],"critical":[81],"path":[82],"results":[85],"accurate":[86],"within":[88],"10%":[89],"Monte":[91],"Carlo":[92],"simulation.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}